1. What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
2. Who proposed the cell theory for plants?
Schleiden
3. Who concluded all animals are made of cells?
Schwann
4. Who said all cells come from pre-existing cells?
Virchow
5. What is the smallest unit that performs life functions?
6. What theory states all organisms are made of cells?
Cell theory
7. Who first observed cells using a microscope?
Hooke
8. What did Hooke see in cork tissue?
Cells
9. What term describes cells as the structural unit of life?
Theory
10. Who observed living cells in pond water?
Leeuwenhoek
11. What principle states cells arise from other cells?
Biogenesis
12. What process forms new cells from existing ones?
Division
13. What is the main idea about cell origin in cell theory?
Pre-existing
14. What microscope did Hooke use to see cells?
Compound
15. What term describes cells as functional units?
16. Who discovered the nucleus in cells?
Brown
17. What structure did Brown identify in plant cells?
Nucleus
18. What is the study of cells called? sauver
Cytology
19. Who coined the term \"cell\"?
20. What is the core assertion of cell theory?
Unity
21. What process helps cells maintain stability?
Homeostasis
22. What theory opposes spontaneous generation?
23. What idea states cells are life’s building blocks?
24. Who called living cells \"animalcules\"?
25. What concept says cells only come from other cells?
Continuity
26. Who studied embryos to support cell theory?
Remak
27. What process allows cells to grow and develop?
Differentiation
28. Who first described the cell membrane?
Overton
29. What idea states cells are metabolic sites?
Functionality
30. What theory says all life is cells and cell products?
31. What type of cell has a true nucleus?
Eukaryotic
32. Which cell type lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryotic
33. What is the DNA region in prokaryotes called?
Nucleoid
34. Which cell type is usually larger?
35. What structure is missing in prokaryotic cells?
36. What cell type has a peptidoglycan cell wall?
37. Which cell type has circular DNA?
38. What term describes cells with a membrane-bound nucleus?
39. Which cell type includes bacteria?
40. What cell type has mitochondria?
41. Which cell type has linear DNA?
42. What is the DNA region in prokaryotes?
43. Which cell type has a plasma membrane?
Both
44. What cell type has ribosomes?
45. Which cell type may have a flagellum?
46. What is the outer layer of prokaryotic cells?
Wall
47. Which cell type has a nucleolus?
48. What cell type has a cytoskeleton?
49. Which cell type has a simpler structure?
50. What process divides prokaryotic cells?
Fission
51. Which cell type has membrane-bound organelles?
52. What cell type includes fungi?
53. Which cell type may have a chitin cell wall?
54. What is the genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
Chromosomes
55. Which cell type has a nuclear envelope?
56. What cell type reproduces simply?
57. Which cell type has complex internal structures?
58. What process divides eukaryotic cells?
Mitosis
59. Which cell type has a cellulose cell wall?
60. What cell type lacks a cell wall?
Animal
61. Which cell type has larger ribosomes?
62. What separates the nucleus from cytoplasm?
Envelope
63. Which cell type has diverse shapes?
64. What cell type has a single chromosome?
65. Which cell type has multiple chromosomes?
66. What process exchanges DNA in prokaryotes?
Conjugation
67. Which cell type has complex gene expression?
68. What cell type has a nucleoid instead of a nucleus?
69. Which cell type produces energy efficiently?
70. What structure helps prokaryotes attach?
Pili
71. What organelle controls cell activities?
72. Which organelle makes proteins?
Ribosome
73. What is the fluid part of the cell?
Cytoplasm
74. Which organelle generates energy?
Mitochondria
75. What structure regulates cell entry?
Membrane
76. Which organelle packages proteins?
Golgi
77. What organelle has digestive enzymes?
Lysosome
78. Which structure gives plant cells rigidity?
79. What organelle performs photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
80. Which organelle stores water?
Vacuole
81. What provides cell structure?
Cytoskeleton
82. Which organelle transports materials?
Reticulum
83. What protects DNA in eukaryotic cells?
84. Which organelle detoxifies?
Peroxisome
85. What is the outer layer of the nucleus?
86. Which organelle makes lipids?
87. What structure aids animal cell division?
Centriole
88. Which organelle performs respiration?
89. What is the dense region in the nucleus?
Nucleolus
90. Which organelle contains RNA?
91. What is made of microtubules?
92. Which organelle produces ribosomes?
93. What is the double membrane around the nucleus?
94. Which organelle breaks down waste?
95. What structure contains chlorophyll?
96. Which organelle is large in plant cells?
97. What is the jelly-like substance in cells?
98. Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
99. What allows nucleus-cytoplasm communication?
Pores
100. Which organelle synthesizes steroids?
101. What are the folded membranes in mitochondria?
Cristae
102. Which organelle detoxifies drugs?
103. What is the cell’s phospholipid bilayer?
104. Which organelle conducts photosynthesis?
105. What are small transport sacs in cells?
Vesicles
106. Which organelle forms spindle fibers?
107. What contains hydrolytic enzymes?
108. Which organelle synthesizes RNA?
109. What is the fluid in chloroplasts?
Stroma
110. Which organelle produces ATP?
111. What are stacks of thylakoids called?
Granum
112. Which organelle modifies proteins?
113. What is the network of cell fibers?
114. Which organelle metabolizes lipids?
115. What structure enables cell movement?
Flagella
116. Which organelle makes membrane proteins?
117. What connects two cells?
Desmosome
118. Which organelle breaks down peroxide?
119. What transports ions in cells?
Channels
120. Which organelle replicates DNA?
121. What anchors organelles?
122. Which organelle makes glycoproteins?
123. What synthesizes steroid hormones?
124. Which organelle performs oxidative phosphorylation?
125. What separates the cell from its environment?
126. Which organelle makes phospholipids?
127. What produces ribosomal RNA?
128. Which organelle transcribes DNA?
129. What allows molecule passage between cells?
Gap junction
130. Which organelle makes secretory proteins?
131. What makes ATP in plant cells?
132. Which organelle performs glycolysis?
133. What provides support in plant cells?
134. Which organelle makes cell wall components?
135. What stores genetic information?
136. Which organelle translates RNA?
137. What regulates substance entry?
138. Which organelle makes enzymes?
139. What synthesizes polypeptides?
140. Which organelle hosts the Krebs cycle?
141. What holds DNA in prokaryotes?
142. Which organelle makes membrane lipids?
143. What synthesizes rRNA?
144. Which organelle oxidizes fatty acids?
145. What provides a reaction surface?
146. Which organelle makes cholesterol?
147. What synthesizes export proteins?
148. Which organelle hosts the electron transport chain?
149. What contains digestive enzymes?
150. Which organelle makes secreted glycoproteins?
151. What makes ATP in animal cells?
152. Which organelle performs photosynthesis?
153. What stores calcium in muscle cells?
154. Which organelle makes detox enzymes?
155. What synthesizes membrane proteins?
156. Which organelle hosts the Calvin cycle?
157. What contains plant cell pigments?
Chromoplast
158. Which organelle makes polysaccharides?
159. What makes ATP in bacteria?
160. Which organelle performs light-dependent reactions?
161. What contains metabolic enzymes?
162. Which organelle makes hormones?
163. What synthesizes membrane lipids?
164. Which organelle hosts the urea cycle?
165. What holds eukaryotic DNA?
166. Which organelle makes neurotransmitters?
167. What synthesizes nuclear proteins?
168. Which organelle hosts the pentose phosphate pathway?
169. What contains glycolysis enzymes?
170. Which organelle makes collagen?
171. What makes ATP in fungi?
172. Which organelle hosts the TCA cycle?
173. What contains beta-oxidation enzymes?
174. Which organelle makes bile acids?
175. What synthesizes mitochondrial proteins?
176. Which organelle hosts the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?
177. What contains amino acid synthesis enzymes?
178. Which organelle makes purines?
179. What makes ATP in protists?
180. Which organelle hosts the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
181. What contains nucleotide synthesis enzymes?
182. Which organelle makes pyrimidine?
183. What synthesizes chloroplast proteins?
184. Which organelle hosts glycolysis?
185. What contains fatty acid synthesis enzymes?
186. Which organelle makes phospholipids?
187. What makes ATP in algae?
188. Which organelle performs light-independent reactions?
189. What contains glucose synthesis enzymes?
190. Which organelle makes starch?
191. What synthesizes thylakoid proteins?
192. Which organelle performs photorespiration?
193. What contains sucrose synthesis enzymes?
194. Which organelle makes cellulose?
195. What makes ATP in archaea?
196. Which organelle performs fermentation?
197. What contains glycogen synthesis enzymes?
198. Which organelle makes triglycerides?
199. What synthesizes lysosomal proteins?
200. Which organelle performs lactic acid fermentation?
201. What contains amino acid enzymes in plants?
202. Which organelle makes terpenes?
203. What makes ATP in yeast?
204. Which organelle performs alcoholic fermentation?
205. What contains nucleotide enzymes in bacteria?
206. Which organelle makes peptidoglycan?
207. What synthesizes peroxisome proteins?
208. Which organelle performs beta-oxidation in plants?
209. What contains lipid enzymes in bacteria?
210. Which organelle makes antibiotics?
211. What makes ATP in cyanobacteria?
212. Which organelle fixes nitrogen?
213. What contains vitamin synthesis enzymes?
214. Which organelle makes pigments?
215. What synthesizes Golgi proteins?
216. Which organelle performs gluconeogenesis?
217. What contains hormone enzymes in plants?
218. Which organelle makes alkaloids?
219. What makes ATP in protozoa?
220. Which organelle performs anaerobic respiration?
221. What contains coenzyme synthesis enzymes?
222. Which organelle makes steroids in fungi?
223. What synthesizes cell wall proteins?
224. Which organelle performs denitrification?
225. What contains polyamine synthesis enzymes?
226. Which organelle makes carotenoids?
227. What makes ATP in diatoms?
228. Which organelle performs chemosynthesis?
229. What contains PHA synthesis enzymes?
230. Which organelle makes polyketides?
231. What synthesizes flagella proteins?
232. Which organelle performs methanogenesis?
233. What contains bacteriochlorophyll enzymes?
234. Which organelle makes phycobilins?
235. What makes ATP in green sulfur bacteria?
236. Which organelle performs anoxygenic photosynthesis?
237. What contains teichoic acid enzymes?
238. Which organelle makes LPS?
239. What synthesizes pili proteins?
240. Which organelle assimilates nitrogen?
241. What contains polyphosphate enzymes?
242. Which organelle makes mycotoxins?
243. What makes ATP in red algae?
244. Which organelle reduces sulfate?
245. What contains siderophore enzymes?
246. Which organelle makes exopolysaccharides?
247. What synthesizes spore proteins?
248. Which organelle denitrifies in bacteria?
249. What contains PBHB enzymes?
250. Which organelle makes cyanophycin?
251. What makes ATP in brown algae?
252. Which organelle oxidizes nitrite?
253. What contains polyamine enzymes in algae?
254. Which organelle makes fucoxanthin?
255. What synthesizes pyrenoid proteins?
256. Which organelle assimilates ammonia?
257. What contains polyglutamate enzymes?
258. Which organelle makes phlorotannins?
259. What makes ATP in dinoflagellates?
260. Which organelle oxidizes sulfide?
261. What contains polyphosphate enzymes in algae?
262. Which organelle makes silica frustules?
263. What synthesizes thylakoid proteins?
264. Which organelle fixes carbon in C4 plants?
265. What contains polyamine enzymes in fungi?
266. Which organelle makes ergosterol?
267. What makes ATP in slime molds?
268. Which organelle performs glycolysis in protozoa?
269. What contains polyamine enzymes in protozoa?
270. Which organelle makes chitin in fungi?
271. What synthesizes vacuole proteins?
272. Which organelle ferments in yeast?
273. What contains polyamine enzymes in bacteria?
274. Which organelle makes PBHB in bacteria?
275. What makes ATP in mycoplasma?
276. Which organelle performs glycolysis in archaea?
277. What contains polyamine enzymes in archaea?
278. Which organelle makes archaeal lipids?
279. What synthesizes archaeal flagella proteins?
280. Which organelle performs methanogenesis in archaea?
281. What contains polyamine enzymes in plants?
282. Which organelle makes lignin?
283. What makes ATP in ferns?
284. Which organelle photosynthesizes in mosses?
285. What contains polyamine enzymes in mosses?
286. Which organelle makes cutin?
287. What synthesizes stomata proteins?
288. Which organelle respires in gymnosperms?
289. What contains polyamine enzymes in gymnosperms?
290. Which organelle makes suberin?
291. What makes ATP in angiosperms?
292. Which organelle photosynthesizes in angiosperms?
293. What contains polyamine enzymes in angiosperms?
294. Which organelle makes nectar?
295. What synthesizes pollen tube proteins?
296. Which organelle respires in algae?
297. What contains polyamine enzymes in algae?
298. Which organelle makes agar?
299. What makes ATP in fungi?
300. Which organelle ferments in fungi?
301. What contains polyamine enzymes in fungi?
302. Which organelle makes chitin in fungi?
303. What synthesizes hyphae proteins?
304. Which organelle respires in protozoa?
305. What contains polyamine enzymes in protozoa?
306. Which organelle makes pellicle?
307. What makes ATP in amoeba?
308. Which organelle performs glycolysis in paramecium?
309. What contains polyamine enzymes in euglena?
310. Which organelle makes paramylon?
311. What synthesizes flagella proteins in euglena?
312. Which organelle photosynthesizes in euglena?
313. What contains polyamine enzymes in plasmodium?
314. Which organelle makes hemozoin?
315. What makes ATP in trypanosoma?
316. Which organelle performs glycolysis in trypanosoma?
317. What contains polyamine enzymes in trypanosoma?
318. Which organelle makes glycosomes?
319. What synthesizes kinetoplast proteins?
320. Which organelle respires in helminths?
321. What contains polyamine enzymes in helminths?
322. Which organelle makes cuticle?
323. What makes ATP in nematodes?
324. Which organelle performs glycolysis in flatworms?
325. What contains polyamine enzymes in roundworms?
326. Which organelle makes collagen in worms?
327. What synthesizes muscle fiber proteins?
328. Which organelle respires in arthropods?
329. What contains polyamine enzymes in insects?
330. Which organelle makes chitin in insects?
331. What makes ATP in crustaceans?
332. Which organelle performs glycolysis in arachnids?
333. What contains polyamine enzymes in arachnids?
334. Which organelle makes silk in spiders?
335. What synthesizes venom proteins?
336. Which organelle respires in mollusks?
337. What contains polyamine enzymes in mollusks?
338. Which organelle makes nacre?
339. What makes ATP in cephalopods?
340. Which organelle performs glycolysis in bivalves?
341. What contains polyamine enzymes in gastropods?
342. Which organelle makes mucus?
343. What synthesizes radula proteins?
344. Which organelle respires in echinoderms?
345. What contains polyamine enzymes in echinoderms?
346. Which organelle makes ossicles?
347. What makes ATP in sea stars?
348. Which organelle performs glycolysis in sea urchins?
349. What contains polyamine enzymes in sea cucumbers?
350. Which organelle makes tube feet?
351. What synthesizes water vascular proteins?
352. Which organelle respires in chordates?
353. What contains polyamine enzymes in chordates?
354. Which organelle makes hemoglobin?
355. What makes ATP in fish?
356. Which organelle performs glycolysis in amphibians?
357. What contains polyamine enzymes in reptiles?
358. Which organelle makes keratin?
359. What synthesizes feather proteins?
360. Which organelle respires in birds?
361. What contains polyamine enzymes in birds?
362. Which organelle makes uric acid?
363. What makes ATP in mammals?
364. Which organelle performs glycolysis in humans?
365. What contains polyamine enzymes in humans?
366. Which organelle makes insulin?
367. What synthesizes immune system proteins?
368. Which organelle respires in neurons?
369. What contains polyamine enzymes in neurons?
370. Which organelle makes neurotransmitters?
371. What makes ATP in muscle cells?
372. Which organelle performs glycolysis in liver cells?
373. What contains polyamine enzymes in liver cells?
374. Which organelle makes albumin?
375. What synthesizes clotting proteins?
376. Which organelle respires in kidney cells?
377. What contains polyamine enzymes in kidney cells?
378. Which organelle makes renin?
379. What makes ATP in heart cells?
380. Which organelle performs glycolysis in pancreatic cells?
381. What contains polyamine enzymes in pancreatic cells?
382. Which organelle makes glucagon?
383. What synthesizes digestive enzyme proteins?
384. Which organelle respires in skin cells?
385. What contains polyamine enzymes in skin cells?
386. Which organelle makes melanin?
387. What makes ATP in bone cells?
388. Which organelle performs glycolysis in cartilage cells?
389. What contains polyamine enzymes in cartilage cells?
390. Which organelle makes collagen in bone cells?
391. What synthesizes matrix proteins?
392. Which organelle respires in adipose cells?
393. What contains polyamine enzymes in adipose cells?
394. Which organelle makes lipids in adipose cells?
395. What makes ATP in sperm cells?
396. Which organelle performs glycolysis in egg cells?
397. What contains polyamine enzymes in egg cells?
398. Which organelle makes vitellogenin?
399. What synthesizes zona pellucida proteins?
400. Which organelle respires in meristematic cells?
401. What contains polyamine enzymes in meristematic cells?
402. Which organelle makes auxins?
403. What makes ATP in guard cells?
404. Which organelle performs glycolysis in phloem cells?
405. What contains polyamine enzymes in xylem cells?
406. Which organelle makes lignin in xylem?
407. What synthesizes sieve tube proteins?
408. Which organelle respires in root hair cells?
409. What contains polyamine enzymes in root hair cells?
410. Which organelle makes nutrient absorption enzymes?
411. What makes ATP in mesophyll cells?
412. Which organelle photosynthesizes in palisade cells?
413. What contains polyamine enzymes in spongy mesophyll?
414. Which organelle makes starch in leaf cells?
415. What synthesizes chloroplast proteins?
416. Which organelle respires in pollen grains?
417. What contains polyamine enzymes in pollen grains?
418. Which organelle makes sporopollenin?
419. What makes ATP in ovules?
420. Which organelle performs glycolysis in embryo sac?
421. What contains polyamine enzymes in embryo sac?
422. Which organelle makes egg cell proteins?
423. What synthesizes synergid proteins?
424. Which organelle respires in endosperm cells?
425. What contains polyamine enzymes in endosperm cells?
426. Which organelle makes storage proteins?
427. What makes ATP in cotyledon cells?
428. Which organelle performs glycolysis in hypocotyl cells?
429. What contains polyamine enzymes in epicotyl cells?
430. Which organelle makes growth hormones?
431. What synthesizes plumule proteins?
432. Which organelle respires in radicle cells?
433. What contains polyamine enzymes in radicle cells?
434. Which organelle makes germination enzymes?
435. What makes ATP in fungal spores?
436. Which organelle performs glycolysis in bacterial spores?
437. What contains polyamine enzymes in spores?
438. Which organelle makes dipicolinic acid?
439. What synthesizes spore coat proteins?
440. Which organelle respires in dormant cells?
441. What contains polyamine enzymes in dormant cells?
442. Which organelle makes trehalose?
443. What makes ATP in quiescent cells?
444. Which organelle performs glycolysis in senescent cells?
445. What contains polyamine enzymes in senescent cells?
446. Which organelle makes apoptosis enzymes?
447. What synthesizes cell death proteins?
448. Which organelle respires in apoptotic cells?
449. What contains polyamine enzymes in apoptotic cells?
450. Which organelle makes caspases?
451. What makes ATP in necrotic cells?
452. Which organelle performs glycolysis in necrotic cells?
453. What contains polyamine enzymes in necrotic cells?
454. Which organelle makes autolysis enzymes?
455. What synthesizes cell lysis proteins?
456. Which organelle respires in autophagic cells?
457. What contains polyamine enzymes in autophagic cells?
458. Which organelle makes autophagosomes?
459. What makes ATP in stem cells?
460. Which organelle performs glycolysis in progenitor cells?
461. What contains polyamine enzymes in stem cells?
462. Which organelle makes growth factors?
463. What synthesizes differentiation proteins?
464. Which organelle respires in cancer cells?
465. What contains polyamine enzymes in cancer cells?
466. Which organelle makes oncogenes?
467. What makes ATP in tumor cells?
468. Which organelle performs glycolysis in malignant cells?
469. What contains polyamine enzymes in tumor cells?
470. Which organelle makes telomerase?
471. What synthesizes metastasis proteins?
472. Which organelle respires in virus-infected cells?
473. What contains polyamine enzymes in infected cells?
474. Which organelle makes viral proteins?
475. What makes ATP in infected cells?
476. Which organelle performs glycolysis in pathogen-infected cells?
477. What contains polyamine enzymes in infected cells?
478. Which organelle makes interferons?
479. What synthesizes immune response proteins?
480. Which organelle respires in immune cells?
481. What contains polyamine enzymes in immune cells?
482. Which organelle makes antibodies?
483. What makes ATP in phagocytes?
484. Which organelle performs glycolysis in lymphocytes?
485. What contains polyamine enzymes in macrophages?
486. Which organelle makes cytokines?
487. What synthesizes T-cell receptor proteins?
488. Which organelle respires in dendritic cells?
489. What contains polyamine enzymes in dendritic cells?
490. Which organelle makes MHC molecules?
491. What makes ATP in B-cells?
492. Which organelle performs glycolysis in plasma cells?
493. What contains polyamine enzymes in plasma cells?
494. Which organelle makes immunoglobulins?
495. What synthesizes antibody proteins?
496. Which organelle respires in NK cells?
497. What contains polyamine enzymes in NK cells?
498. Which organelle makes perforin?
499. What makes ATP in mast cells?
500. Which organelle performs glycolysis in basophils?
501. What contains polyamine enzymes in eosinophils?
502. Which organelle makes histamine?
503. What synthesizes granule proteins?
504. Which organelle respires in neutrophils?
505. What contains polyamine enzymes in neutrophils?
506. Which organelle makes myeloperoxidase?
507. What makes ATP in monocytes?
508. Which organelle performs glycolysis in platelets?
509. What contains polyamine enzymes in platelets?
510. Which organelle makes thromboxane?
511. What synthesizes clotting factor proteins?
512. Which organelle respires in red blood cells?
None
513. What contains polyamine enzymes in red blood cells?
514. Which organelle makes hemoglobin in reticulocytes?
515. What makes ATP in white blood cells?
516. Which organelle performs glycolysis in leukocytes?
517. What contains polyamine enzymes in leukocytes?
518. Which organelle makes lysozyme?
519. What synthesizes phagocytosis proteins?
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