1. What are microorganisms?
Microorganisms are tiny living organisms visible only under a microscope.
2. What is another name for microorganisms?
Another name for microorganisms is microbes.
3. Name the four major groups of microorganisms.
The four major groups of microorganisms are bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae.
4. What is a bacterium?
A bacterium is a single-celled microorganism without a nucleus.
5. Give an example of a bacterium.
Lactobacillus is an example of a bacterium.
6. What are fungi?
Fungi are microorganisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
7. Name a common fungus.
Penicillium is a common fungus.
8. What are protozoa?
Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms that move and feed like animals.
9. Give an example of a protozoan.
Amoeba is an example of a protozoan.
10. What are algae?
Algae are plant-like microorganisms that perform photosynthesis.
11. Name an example of algae.
Spirogyra is an example of algae.
12. What is a virus?
A virus is a microorganism that reproduces only inside a host cell.
13. Give an example of a virus.
The influenza virus is an example of a virus.
14. Where are microorganisms found?
Microorganisms are found in soil, water, air, and living organisms.
15. Are all microorganisms harmful?
No, not all microorganisms are harmful; some are beneficial.
16. What is the role of microorganisms in nature?
The role of microorganisms in nature is to decompose waste and recycle nutrients.
17. How do microorganisms help in decomposition?
Microorganisms help in decomposition by breaking down dead matter.
18. What is a beneficial microorganism?
A beneficial microorganism helps humans or the environment.
19. What is a harmful microorganism?
A harmful microorganism causes diseases or spoilage.
20. How do microorganisms help in making curd?
Microorganisms like Lactobacillus convert milk into curd by fermentation.
21. What is fermentation?
Fermentation is the process where microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol or acids.
22. Which microorganism is used in bread-making?
Yeast is used in bread-making to ferment dough.
23. What gas does yeast produce during fermentation?
Yeast produces carbon dioxide during fermentation.
24. How does yeast help bread rise?
Yeast helps bread rise by producing carbon dioxide that expands the dough.
25. What is the role of microorganisms in alcohol production?
Microorganisms like yeast ferment sugars to produce alcohol.
26. Name a microorganism used in alcohol production.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a microorganism used in alcohol production.
27. What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are medicines produced by microorganisms to kill bacteria.
28. Which fungus produces penicillin?
Penicillium produces penicillin.
29. Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
30. What is penicillin used for?
Penicillin is used to treat bacterial infections.
31. What is the role of microorganisms in nitrogen fixation?
Microorganisms fix nitrogen from the air into compounds plants can use.
32. Name a nitrogen-fixing bacterium.
Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium.
33. Where does Rhizobium live?
Rhizobium lives in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
34. What plants benefit from Rhizobium?
Leguminous plants like peas benefit from Rhizobium.
35. How do microorganisms improve soil fertility?
Microorganisms improve soil fertility by decomposing organic matter and fixing nitrogen.
36. What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.
37. Name a disease caused by bacteria.
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria.
38. What bacterium causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis.
39. Name a disease caused by a virus.
Common cold is a disease caused by a virus.
40. What virus causes the common cold?
41. Name a disease caused by protozoa.
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa.
42. Which protozoan causes malaria?
Plasmodium causes malaria.
43. What is a disease caused by fungi?
Ringworm is a disease caused by fungi.
44. Name a fungus causing skin infections.
Trichophyton is a fungus causing skin infections.
45. How do microorganisms spread diseases?
Microorganisms spread diseases through air, water, food, or contact.
46. What is a communicable disease?
A communicable disease spreads from one person to another.
47. Give an example of a communicable disease.
Cholera is an example of a communicable disease.
48. What bacterium causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae causes cholera.
49. How is cholera transmitted?
Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water or food.
50. What is typhoid?
Typhoid is a bacterial disease causing fever and weakness.
51. Which bacterium causes typhoid?
Salmonella typhi causes typhoid.
52. How is typhoid spread?
Typhoid is spread through contaminated food or water.
53. What is a carrier of disease?
A carrier of disease is an organism that spreads pathogens.
54. Name an animal carrier of malaria.
The female Anopheles mosquito is an animal carrier of malaria.
55. What carries the dengue virus?
The Aedes mosquito carries the dengue virus.
56. What is dengue?
Dengue is a viral disease causing high fever and pain.
57. How do houseflies spread diseases?
Houseflies spread diseases by carrying pathogens on their body.
58. Name a disease spread by houseflies.
59. What is a vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that protects against diseases by building immunity.
60. How do vaccines work?
Vaccines work by stimulating the body to produce antibodies.
61. Name a vaccine for a bacterial disease.
BCG is a vaccine for tuberculosis.
62. What does BCG stand for?
BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
63. Name a vaccine for a viral disease.
Polio vaccine is a vaccine for a viral disease.
64. What is the oral polio vaccine?
65. What is immunization?
Immunization is the process of making a person resistant to disease.
66. Why is immunization important?
Immunization is important to prevent the spread of diseases.
67. What is a pulse polio program?
The pulse polio program aims to eradicate polio through vaccination.
68. What microorganism spoils food?
Fungi and bacteria spoil food by growing on it.
69. How do microorganisms cause food spoilage?
Microorganisms cause food spoilage by producing toxins and breaking down nutrients.
70. What is food poisoning?
Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating contaminated food.
71. Name a bacterium causing food poisoning.
Escherichia coli causes food poisoning.
72. How can food poisoning be prevented?
Food poisoning can be prevented by keeping food clean and covered.
73. What is food preservation?
Food preservation is preventing food spoilage using various methods.
74. Name a common food preservation method.
Drying is a common food preservation method.
75. How does drying preserve food?
Drying preserves food by removing moisture that microorganisms need.
76. What is salting in food preservation?
Salting in food preservation uses salt to dehydrate microbes.
77. Give an example of salted food.
Pickles are an example of salted food.
78. What is pickling?
Pickling preserves food using vinegar or brine.
79. How does sugar preserve food?
Sugar preserves food by drawing out water from microbes.
80. Name a food preserved with sugar.
Jam is a food preserved with sugar.
81. What is pasteurization?
Pasteurization is heating food to kill harmful microbes.
82. Which food is commonly pasteurized?
Milk is commonly pasteurized.
83. Who developed pasteurization?
Louis Pasteur developed pasteurization.
84. What is canning?
Canning preserves food by sealing it in airtight containers.
85. How does refrigeration preserve food?
Refrigeration preserves food by slowing microbial growth.
86. What is freezing in food preservation?
Freezing in food preservation stops microbial activity with low temperatures.
87. What is a preservative?
A preservative is a substance added to food to extend shelf life.
88. Name a chemical preservative.
Sodium benzoate is a chemical preservative.
89. What is the role of vinegar in preservation?
90. How does oil preserve food?
Oil preserves food by preventing air and microbes from reaching it.
91. What is the nitrogen cycle?
The nitrogen cycle is the process of nitrogen movement in nature.
92. How do microorganisms contribute to the nitrogen cycle?
93. What is ammonification?
Ammonification is the conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by microbes.
94. What is nitrification?
Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrates by bacteria.
95. Name a nitrifying bacterium.
Nitrosomonas is a nitrifying bacterium.
96. What is denitrification?
Denitrification is the conversion of nitrates back to nitrogen gas.
97. Which bacteria perform denitrification?
Pseudomonas bacteria perform denitrification.
98. What is a symbiotic relationship?
A symbiotic relationship is when two organisms benefit each other.
99. How do Rhizobium and legumes show symbiosis?
Rhizobium fixes nitrogen for legumes, and legumes provide nutrients to Rhizobium.
100. What is a microscope?
A microscope is an instrument used to see microorganisms.
101. What is a unicellular organism?
A unicellular organism is made of a single cell.
102. Give an example of a unicellular organism.
Paramecium is an example of a unicellular organism.
103. What is a multicellular organism?
104. Name a multicellular microorganism.
Mold is a multicellular microorganism.
105. What is a colony of microorganisms?
A colony of microorganisms is a group of microbes growing together.
106. How do bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, splitting into two cells.
107. What is binary fission?
Binary fission is the division of one cell into two identical cells.
108. How do fungi reproduce?
Fungi reproduce by producing spores.
109. What are spores?
110. How do viruses multiply?
Viruses multiply by taking over a host cell’s machinery.
111. What is a host?
A host is an organism that a virus or parasite lives in.
112. Why are viruses not free-living?
Viruses are not free-living because they need a host to reproduce.
113. What is a bacterial cell wall made of?
A bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan.
114. What shape are rod-shaped bacteria?
Rod-shaped bacteria are called bacilli.
115. What are spherical bacteria called?
Spherical bacteria are called cocci.
116. What are spiral bacteria?
Spiral bacteria are called spirilla.
117. How do algae get energy?
Algae get energy through photosynthesis using sunlight.
118. What pigment helps algae photosynthesize?
Chlorophyll helps algae photosynthesize.
119. What is a biofilm?
A biofilm is a layer of microorganisms on a surface.
120. Where are biofilms commonly found?
Biofilms are commonly found on wet surfaces like rocks.
121. What is a probiotic?
A probiotic is a beneficial microorganism in food or supplements.
122. Name a probiotic bacterium.
Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic bacterium.
123. What is the benefit of probiotics?
The benefit of probiotics is improved digestion and immunity.
124. What is curd made from?
Curd is made from milk fermented by bacteria.
125. What is yogurt?
Yogurt is a fermented milk product made by bacteria.
126. What is cheese made from?
Cheese is made from curdled milk using bacteria or fungi.
127. What is rennet?
Rennet is an enzyme used to curdle milk for cheese.
128. How do microorganisms help in sewage treatment?
Microorganisms help in sewage treatment by breaking down waste.
129. What bacteria are used in sewage treatment?
Aerobic bacteria are used in sewage treatment.
130. What is biogas?
Biogas is a fuel produced by microorganisms from organic waste.
131. Which gas is the main component of biogas?
Methane is the main component of biogas.
132. What microorganisms produce biogas?
Methanogenic bacteria produce biogas.
133. What is a biogas plant?
A biogas plant is a system to produce biogas from waste.
134. How do microorganisms clean oil spills?
Microorganisms clean oil spills by breaking down oil into simpler substances.
135. Name a bacterium used in oil spill cleanup.
Pseudomonas putida is used in oil spill cleanup.
136. What is bioremediation?
Bioremediation is using microorganisms to clean pollution.
137. What is a microbial enzyme?
A microbial enzyme is a protein produced by microorganisms for reactions.
138. Name an enzyme produced by yeast.
Zymase is an enzyme produced by yeast.
139. What is the role of microorganisms in composting?
Microorganisms break down organic matter in composting.
140. What is a compost pile?
A compost pile is a heap of decaying organic matter.
141. How do microorganisms affect the environment?
Microorganisms affect the environment by recycling nutrients and decomposing waste.
142. What is a saprophyte?
A saprophyte is a microorganism that feeds on dead matter.
143. Name a saprophytic fungus.
Mucor is a saprophytic fungus.
144. What is a parasite?
A parasite is a microorganism that lives on or in a host, causing harm.
145. Give an example of a parasitic protozoan.
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan.
146. What disease does Entamoeba cause?
Entamoeba causes amoebic dysentery.
147. How is amoebic dysentery spread?
Amoebic dysentery is spread through contaminated water.
148. What is a vector?
A vector is an organism that carries pathogens without getting sick.
149. Name a vector for disease.
The mosquito is a vector for disease.
150. What is an epidemic?
An epidemic is a widespread outbreak of disease.
151. Give an example of an epidemic disease.
Influenza is an example of an epidemic disease.
152. What is a pandemic?
A pandemic is a global outbreak of disease.
153. Name a pandemic disease.
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease.
154. What virus causes COVID-19?
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19.
155. How do microorganisms enter the body?
Microorganisms enter the body through air, food, water, or cuts.
156. What is an antibody?
An antibody is a protein that fights pathogens in the body.
157. What is immunity?
Immunity is the body’s ability to resist disease.
158. What is active immunity?
Active immunity develops when the body makes its own antibodies.
159. What is passive immunity?
Passive immunity comes from receiving antibodies from another source.
160. What is a toxin?
A toxin is a harmful substance produced by some microorganisms.
161. Name a bacterium that produces toxins.
Clostridium botulinum produces toxins.
162. What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause?
Clostridium botulinum causes botulism.
163. What is botulism?
Botulism is a severe form of food poisoning.
164. How can botulism be prevented?
Botulism can be prevented by proper canning of food.
165. What is a spore-forming bacterium?
A spore-forming bacterium can survive harsh conditions as spores.
166. Name a spore-forming bacterium.
167. What disease does Bacillus anthracis cause?
Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.
168. What is anthrax?
Anthrax is a deadly disease affecting animals and humans.
169. How is anthrax transmitted?
Anthrax is transmitted through contact with infected animals or spores.
170. What is a disinfectant?
A disinfectant is a chemical that kills microorganisms on surfaces.
171. Name a common disinfectant.
Bleach is a common disinfectant.
172. What is an antiseptic?
An antiseptic is a substance that prevents microbial growth on skin.
173. Give an example of an antiseptic.
Alcohol is an example of an antiseptic.
174. What is sterilization?
Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms.
175. How is sterilization done?
Sterilization is done by heat, chemicals, or radiation.
176. What is autoclaving?
Autoclaving is sterilizing using high-pressure steam.
177. What is a microbial culture?
A microbial culture is a growth of microorganisms in a lab.
178. What is agar?
Agar is a gel used to grow microorganisms in labs.
179. What is a petri dish?
A petri dish is a container for growing microbial cultures.
180. What is incubation?
Incubation is keeping microorganisms at a specific temperature to grow.
181. What is a microscope slide?
A microscope slide is a glass piece to view microorganisms.
182. What is staining in microscopy?
Staining in microscopy colors microorganisms for better visibility.
183. Name a common stain for bacteria.
Gram stain is a common stain for bacteria.
184. What are Gram-positive bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria retain the Gram stain and appear purple.
185. What are Gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the Gram stain and appear pink.
186. What is a microscope’s lens used for?
A microscope’s lens magnifies microorganisms for observation.
187. What is a contagious disease?
A contagious disease spreads easily by contact.
188. Give an example of a contagious disease.
Chickenpox is a contagious disease.
189. What virus causes chickenpox?
The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox.
190. How is chickenpox spread?
Chickenpox is spread through air or contact.
191. What is a fungal spore?
A fungal spore is a reproductive cell that spreads fungi.
192. How do fungal spores spread?
193. What is athlete’s foot?
Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection on the feet.
194. Which fungus causes athlete’s foot?
Tinea pedis causes athlete’s foot.
195. What is rust of wheat?
Rust of wheat is a fungal disease affecting crops.
196. Which fungus causes rust of wheat?
Puccinia causes rust of wheat.
197. How does rust affect wheat?
Rust affects wheat by reducing yield and quality.
198. What is citrus canker?
Citrus canker is a bacterial disease of citrus plants.
199. Which bacterium causes citrus canker?
Xanthomonas axonopodis causes citrus canker.
200. How is citrus canker spread?
Citrus canker is spread by wind, rain, or tools.
201. What is yellow vein mosaic?
Yellow vein mosaic is a viral disease of bhindi plants.
202. Which virus causes yellow vein mosaic?
Bhindi yellow vein mosaic virus causes the disease.
203. How is yellow vein mosaic transmitted?
Yellow vein mosaic is transmitted by whiteflies.
204. What is a plant pathogen?
A plant pathogen is a microorganism that causes plant diseases.
205. How do plant pathogens affect crops?
Plant pathogens affect crops by reducing growth and yield.
206. What is a foot-and-mouth disease?
Foot-and-mouth disease is a viral disease in cattle.
207. Which virus causes foot-and-mouth disease?
The picornavirus causes foot-and-mouth disease.
208. How is foot-and-mouth disease spread?
Foot-and-mouth disease is spread by contact with infected animals.
209. What is a vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease?
A vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease protects cattle.
210. What is anthrax in animals?
Anthrax in animals is a bacterial disease causing death.
211. How do animals get anthrax?
Animals get anthrax by ingesting spores from soil.
212. What is a zoonotic disease?
A zoonotic disease transfers from animals to humans.
213. Name a zoonotic disease.
Rabies is a zoonotic disease.
214. What virus causes rabies?
The rabies virus causes rabies.
215. How is rabies transmitted?
Rabies is transmitted through bites of infected animals.
216. What is a rabies vaccine?
A rabies vaccine prevents rabies in humans and animals.
217. What is pasteurization temperature for milk?
The pasteurization temperature for milk is about 72°C for 15 seconds.
218. What is lactic acid?
Lactic acid is produced by bacteria during milk fermentation.
219. What is a fermenter?
A fermenter is a vessel used to grow microorganisms industrially.
220. What is ethanol?
Ethanol is alcohol produced by yeast fermentation.
221. What is a microbial fuel?
A microbial fuel is energy produced by microorganisms.
222. What is a biofertilizer?
A biofertilizer is a microbial product that enhances soil fertility.
223. Name a biofertilizer microorganism.
Azotobacter is a biofertilizer microorganism.
224. What is a biopesticide?
A biopesticide is a microbial agent to control pests.
225. Give an example of a biopesticide.
Bacillus thuringiensis is an example of a biopesticide.
226. What is Bt toxin?
Bt toxin is a protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that kills pests.
227. How do microorganisms help in medicine production?
Microorganisms help in medicine production by synthesizing antibiotics.
228. What is streptomycin?
Streptomycin is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.
229. What is tetracycline?
Tetracycline is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections.
230. What is a microbial mat?
A microbial mat is a thick layer of microorganisms on surfaces.
231. What is a plankton?
Plankton is a group of tiny microorganisms floating in water.
232. What is phytoplankton?
Phytoplankton are microscopic algae that produce oxygen.
233. What is zooplankton?
Zooplankton are tiny protozoa and animals in water.
234. How do microorganisms affect water quality?
Microorganisms affect water quality by decomposing waste or causing pollution.
235. What is eutrophication?
236. What causes eutrophication?
Eutrophication is caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus.
237. What is a red tide?
A red tide is a harmful algal bloom in water.
238. Which microorganism causes red tide?
Dinoflagellates cause red tide.
239. What is a microbial disease in fish?
A microbial disease in fish is caused by bacteria or fungi.
240. Name a fish disease caused by bacteria.
Fin rot is a fish disease caused by bacteria.
241. What is a microbial indicator?
A microbial indicator shows water contamination levels.
242. Name a microbial indicator of water pollution.
Escherichia coli is a microbial indicator of water pollution.
243. What is a sanitizer?
A sanitizer is a substance that reduces microbes on surfaces.
244. What is hand washing’s role in microbe control?
Hand washing removes harmful microbes from hands.
245. What is boiling water’s effect on microbes?
Boiling water kills most microorganisms.
246. What is UV radiation’s role in microbe control?
UV radiation kills microorganisms by damaging their DNA.
247. What is a microbial test?
A microbial test checks for the presence of microorganisms.
248. What is a swab test?
A swab test collects microbes from surfaces for analysis.
249. What is a culture plate?
A culture plate grows microorganisms for study.
250. What is an anaerobic microorganism?
An anaerobic microorganism lives without oxygen.
251. Name an anaerobic bacterium.
Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic bacterium.
252. What disease does Clostridium tetani cause?
Clostridium tetani causes tetanus.
253. What is an aerobic microorganism?
An aerobic microorganism needs oxygen to survive.
254. Name an aerobic bacterium.
Bacillus subtilis is an aerobic bacterium.
255. What is a facultative microorganism?
A facultative microorganism can live with or without oxygen.
256. Give an example of a facultative microorganism.
Escherichia coli is a facultative microorganism.
257. What is a microbial habitat?
A microbial habitat is the environment where microbes live.
258. What is extreme environment for microbes?
An extreme environment for microbes includes high heat or salt.
259. What is a thermophile?
A thermophile is a microorganism that thrives in high temperatures.
260. Name a thermophilic bacterium.
Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacterium.
261. What is a halophile?
A halophile is a microorganism that lives in salty conditions.
262. What is a psychrophile?
A psychrophile is a microorganism that thrives in cold temperatures.
263. What is microbial diversity?
Microbial diversity is the variety of microorganisms in an ecosystem.
264. Why is microbial diversity important?
Microbial diversity is important for ecosystem balance.
265. What is a microbial toxin in food?
A microbial toxin in food is a poison produced by microbes.
266. Name a fungal toxin.
Aflatoxin is a fungal toxin.
267. Which fungus produces aflatoxin?
Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxin.
268. What is aflatoxin’s effect?
Aflatoxin’s effect is liver damage in humans and animals.
269. How can aflatoxin be prevented?
Aflatoxin can be prevented by storing food in dry conditions.
270. What is microbial contamination?
Microbial contamination is the presence of harmful microbes in food or water.
271. What is cross-contamination?
Cross-contamination is the transfer of microbes from one surface to another.
272. How can cross-contamination be avoided?
Cross-contamination can be avoided by cleaning tools and hands.
273. What is a microbial bloom?
A microbial bloom is a rapid increase in microorganism population.
274. What causes an algal bloom?
An algal bloom is caused by excess nutrients in water.
275. What is a harmful algal bloom?
A harmful algal bloom produces toxins affecting aquatic life.
276. What is a microbial enzyme in digestion?
A microbial enzyme in digestion breaks down food in the gut.
277. Name a microbial enzyme in the gut.
Lactase is a microbial enzyme in the gut.
278. What is a microbial partnership?
A microbial partnership is when microbes work together for mutual benefit.
279. What is a lichen?
A lichen is a partnership between fungi and algae.
280. How do fungi and algae benefit in lichen?
In lichen, fungi provide structure, and algae provide food through photosynthesis.
281. What is a mycorrhiza?
A mycorrhiza is a partnership between fungi and plant roots.
282. How do plants benefit from mycorrhiza?
Plants benefit from mycorrhiza by getting more nutrients and water.
283. What is a microbial food chain?
A microbial food chain shows how microbes transfer energy.
284. What is a decomposer’s role in a food chain?
A decomposer’s role in a food chain is to break down dead matter.
285. What is a microbial pathogen in air?
A microbial pathogen in air spreads diseases through droplets.
286. Name an airborne bacterial disease.
Diphtheria is an airborne bacterial disease.
287. What bacterium causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria.
288. What is a microbial filter?
A microbial filter removes microorganisms from liquids or air.
289. What is a HEPA filter?
290. What does HEPA stand for?
HEPA stands for High-Efficiency Particulate Air.
291. What is a microbial growth curve?
A microbial growth curve shows stages of microbial population increase.
292. What is the lag phase in microbial growth?
The lag phase is when microbes adjust to their environment.
293. What is the log phase?
The log phase is when microbes grow rapidly.
294. What is microbial ecology?
Microbial ecology studies microorganisms in their environment.
295. What is a microbial community?
A microbial community is a group of interacting microorganisms.
296. What is a microbial niche?
A microbial niche is the role a microbe plays in its habitat.
297. What is a microbial adaptation?
A microbial adaptation is a trait helping microbes survive.
298. What is a microbial mutation?
A microbial mutation is a change in a microbe’s genetic material.
299. What is antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria survive antibiotic treatment.
300. How does antibiotic resistance develop?
Antibiotic resistance develops due to overuse of antibiotics.
301. What is a superbug?
A superbug is a bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics.
302. Name a superbug.
MRSA is a superbug.
303. What does MRSA stand for?
MRSA stands for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
304. What is a microbial infection?
A microbial infection is a disease caused by invading microbes.
305. What is a latent infection?
A latent infection is when a microbe remains inactive in the body.
306. What is a microbial toxin in plants?
A microbial toxin in plants harms crops and reduces yield.
307. What is a microbial symbiosis in humans?
A microbial symbiosis in humans involves gut bacteria aiding digestion.
308. What is a microbial balance?
A microbial balance is the healthy ratio of good and bad microbes.
309. What is dysbiosis?
Dysbiosis is an imbalance of microorganisms in the body.
310. What is a microbial test for milk?
A microbial test for milk checks for harmful bacteria.
311. What is a coliform test?
A coliform test detects fecal contamination in water.
312. What is a microbial load?
A microbial load is the number of microorganisms in a sample.
313. What is a microbial assay?
A microbial assay measures the effect of substances on microbes.
314. What is a microbial count?
A microbial count is the number of microbes in a given area.
315. What is a viable count?
A viable count measures living microorganisms only.
316. What is a microbial experiment?
A microbial experiment studies microorganism behavior.
317. What is a control in a microbial experiment?
A control in a microbial experiment is a sample without changes.
318. What is microbial safety?
Microbial safety ensures food and water are free of harmful microbes.
319. What is a microbial hazard?
A microbial hazard is a risk from harmful microorganisms.
320. What is HACCP?
HACCP is a system to ensure food safety from microbes.
321. What does HACCP stand for?
HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points.
322. What is a microbial standard?
A microbial standard sets limits for microbes in food or water.
323. What is microbial monitoring?
Microbial monitoring checks for microbes in environments.
324. What is a microbial swab?
A microbial swab collects samples for testing.
325. What is a microbial vaccine?
A microbial vaccine uses weakened microbes to build immunity.
326. What is a microbial drug?
327. What is microbial technology?
Microbial technology uses microbes for industrial purposes.
328. What is a microbial product?
A microbial product is something made by microorganisms, like antibiotics.
329. What is microbial research?
Microbial research studies microorganisms to improve life.
330. What is a microbial scientist?
A microbial scientist is a person who studies microorganisms.
331. What is microbiology?
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms.
332. Why is microbiology important?
Microbiology is important for health, food, and environmental benefits.
333. What is a microbial friend?
A microbial friend is a microorganism that helps humans or nature.
334. What is a microbial foe?
A microbial foe is a microorganism that harms humans or nature.
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