1. What is an acid?
An acid produces H⁺ ions in water.
2. Why are acids sour?
H⁺ ions affect taste buds.
3. What is a base?
A base produces O H⁻ ions in water.
4. Why are bases bitter?
O H⁻ ions cause bitter taste.
5. What is a salt?
A salt forms from acid-base neutralization.
6. Why are salts neutral?
They lack excess H⁺ or O H⁻.
7. What is pH?
pH measures H⁺ ion concentration.
8. Why is pH important?
It indicates acidity or basicity.
9. What is the pH of pure water?
The pH of water is 7.
10. Why is water neutral?
Equal H⁺ and O H⁻ ions.
11. What is an indicator?
An indicator shows acid or base presence.
12. Why use indicators?
To detect pH changes visually.
13. What is litmus?
Litmus is a natural pH indicator.
14. Why does litmus turn red?
In acids, litmus turns red.
15. Why does litmus turn blue?
In bases, litmus turns blue.
16. What is phenolphthalein?
Phenolphthalein is a synthetic indicator.
17. Why is phenolphthalein colourless in acid?
Acids protonate phenolphthalein.
18. Why is phenolphthalein pink in base?
Bases deprotonate phenolphthalein.
19. What is methyl orange?
Methyl orange is a pH indicator.
20. Why is methyl orange red in acid?
Acids change its structure.
21. Why is methyl orange yellow in base?
Bases alter its colour.
22. What is a strong acid?
A strong acid fully ionizes in water.
23. Why is H C l strong?
It completely dissociates.
24. What is a weak acid?
A weak acid partially ionizes.
25. Why is acetic acid weak?
It partially dissociates in water.
26. What is a strong base?
A strong base fully ionizes.
27. Why is N a O H strong?
It fully releases O H⁻ ions.
28. What is a weak base?
A weak base partially ionizes.
29. Why is N H 3 weak?
It partially forms O H⁻ ions.
30. What is neutralization?
Acid and base form salt and water.
31. Why is neutralization exothermic?
It releases heat forming bonds.
32. What is H C l + N a O H reaction?
H C l + N a O H → N a C l + H 2 O.
33. Why is N a C l formed?
Sodium and chloride ions combine.
34. What is the pH of N a C l solution?
N a C l solution is neutral, pH 7.
35. Why is N a C l neutral?
From strong acid and base.
36. What is H 2 S O 4 + K O H reaction?
H 2 S O 4 + 2 K O H → K 2 S O 4 + 2 H 2 O.
37. Why is K 2 S O 4 formed?
Potassium bonds with sulfate.
38. What is H N O 3 + C a ( O H ) 2 reaction?
2 H N O 3 + C a ( O H ) 2 → C a ( N O 3 ) 2 + 2 H 2 O.
39. Why is C a ( N O 3 ) 2 formed?
Calcium bonds with nitrate.
40. What is an acidic salt?
A salt from strong acid, weak base.
41. Why is N H 4 C l acidic?
From H C l and weak N H 3.
42. What is a basic salt?
A salt from weak acid, strong base.
43. Why is N a 2 C O 3 basic?
From weak H 2 C O 3 and N a O H.
44. What is a neutral salt?
A salt from strong acid and base.
45. Why is K C l neutral?
From H C l and K O H.
46. What is the pH scale range?
pH ranges from 0 to 14.
47. Why is pH below 7 acidic?
High H⁺ ion concentration.
48. Why is pH above 7 basic?
High O H⁻ ion concentration.
49. What is the pH of H C l?
H C l has pH below 7.
50. Why is H C l’s pH low?
It releases many H⁺ ions.
51. What is the pH of N a O H?
N a O H has pH above 7.
52. Why is N a O H’s pH high?
It releases many O H⁻ ions.
53. What is universal indicator?
It shows a range of pH colours.
54. Why use universal indicator?
To measure exact pH values.
55. What is the colour of pH 4?
pH 4 is orange-red.
56. Why is pH 4 orange?
It indicates moderate acidity.
57. What is the colour of pH 10?
pH 10 is blue.
58. Why is pH 10 blue?
It indicates moderate basicity.
59. What is olfactory indicator?
It changes smell in acid or base.
60. Why is vanilla an olfactory indicator?
Its smell fades in bases.
61. What is onion as an indicator?
Onion smells different in bases.
62. Why does onion smell change?
Bases react with its compounds.
63. What is the reaction of acid with metal?
Acid + metal → salt + H 2.
64. Why does H 2 gas form?
Metal displaces hydrogen.
65. What is Z n + H 2 S O 4 reaction?
Z n + H 2 S O 4 → Z n S O 4 + H 2.
66. Why is Z n S O 4 formed?
Zinc bonds with sulfate.
67. What is M g + H C l reaction?
M g + 2 H C l → M g C l 2 + H 2.
68. Why is M g C l 2 formed?
Magnesium bonds with chloride.
69. What is acid with carbonate reaction?
Acid + carbonate → salt + H 2 O + C O 2.
70. Why is C O 2 evolved?
Carbonate reacts with H⁺ ions.
71. What is N a 2 C O 3 + H C l reaction?
N a 2 C O 3 + 2 H C l → 2 N a C l + H 2 O + C O 2.
72. Why is N a C l formed?
Sodium bonds with chloride.
73. What is C a C O 3 + H 2 S O 4 reaction?
C a C O 3 + H 2 S O 4 → C a S O 4 + H 2 O + C O 2.
74. Why is C a S O 4 formed?
Calcium bonds with sulfate.
75. What is acid with base reaction?
Acid + base → salt + H 2 O.
76. Why is water formed?
H⁺ and O H⁻ ions combine.
77. What is K O H + H N O 3 reaction?
K O H + H N O 3 → K N O 3 + H 2 O.
78. Why is K N O 3 formed?
Potassium bonds with nitrate.
79. What is acid with metal oxide reaction?
Acid + metal oxide → salt + H 2 O.
80. Why is salt formed?
Metal oxide neutralizes acid.
81. What is C u O + H C l reaction?
C u O + 2 H C l → C u C l 2 + H 2 O.
82. Why is C u C l 2 formed?
Copper bonds with chloride.
83. What is Z n O + H 2 S O 4 reaction?
Z n O + H 2 S O 4 → Z n S O 4 + H 2 O.
84. Why is Z n S O 4 formed?
85. What is base with non-metal oxide reaction?
Base + non-metal oxide → salt + H 2 O.
86. Why does base react with C O 2?
It forms carbonate salt.
87. What is C a ( O H ) 2 + C O 2 reaction?
C a ( O H ) 2 + C O 2 → C a C O 3 + H 2 O.
88. Why is C a C O 3 formed?
Calcium bonds with carbonate.
89. What is N a O H + S O 2 reaction?
2 N a O H + S O 2 → N a 2 S O 3 + H 2 O.
90. Why is N a 2 S O 3 formed?
Sodium bonds with sulfite.
91. What is base with acid reaction?
Base + acid → salt + H 2 O.
92. Why is neutralization complete?
All H⁺ and O H⁻ react.
93. What is N a O H + H 2 S O 4 reaction?
2 N a O H + H 2 S O 4 → N a 2 S O 4 + 2 H 2 O.
94. Why is N a 2 S O 4 formed?
Sodium bonds with sulfate.
95. What is dilution of acid?
Dilution reduces acid concentration.
96. Why dilute acids carefully?
To avoid heat and splashing.
97. What happens adding water to acid?
It generates heat.
98. Why add acid to water?
To control heat release.
99. What is the pH of dilute H C l?
Dilute H C l has pH below 7.
100. Why is dilute H C l safer?
Lower H⁺ ion concentration.
101. What is the pH of dilute N a O H?
Dilute N a O H has pH above 7.
102. Why is dilute N a O H less harmful?
Lower O H⁻ ion concentration.
103. What is conductivity of acids?
Acids conduct electricity.
104. Why do acids conduct?
Due to free H⁺ ions.
105. What is conductivity of bases?
Bases conduct electricity.
106. Why do bases conduct?
Due to free O H⁻ ions.
107. What is H 2 S O 4 formula?
H 2 S O 4 is sulphuric acid.
108. Why is H 2 S O 4 strong?
It fully ionizes in water.
109. What is H C l formula?
H C l is hydrochloric acid.
110. Why is H C l used?
In digestion and cleaning.
111. What is H N O 3 formula?
H N O 3 is nitric acid.
112. Why is H N O 3 oxidizing?
It donates oxygen in reactions.
113. What is C H 3 C O O H formula?
C H 3 C O O H is acetic acid.
114. Why is acetic acid weak?
It partially ionizes.
115. What is N a O H formula?
N a O H is sodium hydroxide.
116. Why is N a O H caustic?
It reacts strongly with tissues.
117. What is K O H formula?
K O H is potassium hydroxide.
118. Why is K O H used?
In soaps and fertilizers.
119. What is C a ( O H ) 2 formula?
C a ( O H ) 2 is calcium hydroxide.
120. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 used?
In limewater and agriculture.
121. What is N H 4 O H formula?
N H 4 O H is ammonium hydroxide.
122. Why is N H 4 O H weak?
123. What is M g ( O H ) 2 formula?
M g ( O H ) 2 is magnesium hydroxide.
124. Why is M g ( O H ) 2 used?
In antacids.
125. What is sodium chloride?
N a C l is common salt.
126. Why is N a C l used?
In food and de-icing.
127. What is potassium nitrate?
K N O 3 is a fertilizer salt.
128. Why is K N O 3 used?
In agriculture and explosives.
129. What is calcium sulphate?
C a S O 4 is gypsum.
130. Why is C a S O 4 used?
In plaster and cement.
131. What is sodium carbonate?
N a 2 C O 3 is washing soda.
132. Why is N a 2 C O 3 basic?
It hydrolyzes to form O H⁻.
133. What is sodium bicarbonate?
N a H C O 3 is baking soda.
134. Why is N a H C O 3 used?
In baking and antacids.
135. What is plaster of Paris?
C a S O 4 · 1/2 H 2 O is plaster.
136. Why is plaster used?
In casts and construction.
137. What is bleaching powder?
C a ( O C l ) C l is bleaching powder.
138. Why is bleaching powder used?
For disinfection and bleaching.
139. What is N a 2 C O 3 · 10 H 2 O?
It’s hydrated washing soda.
140. Why is it crystalline?
Water molecules form lattice.
141. What is C a S O 4 · 2 H 2 O?
It’s gypsum.
142. Why is gypsum heated?
To form plaster of Paris.
143. What is N a H C O 3 reaction with acid?
N a H C O 3 + H C l → N a C l + H 2 O + C O 2.
144. Why is C O 2 released?
Bicarbonate reacts with H⁺ ions.
145. What is washing soda’s use?
In cleaning and glass making.
146. Why is washing soda alkaline?
It forms O H⁻ in water.
147. What is baking soda’s use?
In baking and fire extinguishers.
148. Why does baking soda fizz?
It releases C O 2 with acid.
149. What is plaster of Paris reaction?
C a S O 4 · 1/2 H 2 O + H 2 O → C a S O 4 · 2 H 2 O.
150. Why does plaster set?
It reforms gypsum crystals.
151. What is bleaching powder reaction?
C a ( O C l ) C l + C O 2 → C a C O 3 + C l 2.
152. Why is C l 2 released?
It reacts with acids.
153. What is the pH of stomach acid?
Stomach acid pH is 1-3.
154. Why is stomach acid acidic?
Due to H C l secretion.
155. What is antacid?
Antacid neutralizes stomach acid.
156. Why is M g ( O H ) 2 antacid?
It reduces H⁺ ions.
157. What is the pH of soil for plants?
Soil pH is 6-7 for most plants.
158. Why adjust soil pH?
To optimize nutrient uptake.
159. What is C a ( O H ) 2 in soil?
It raises soil pH.
160. Why is acidic soil treated?
To reduce H⁺ ion effects.
161. What is the pH of rainwater?
Rainwater pH is about 5.6.
162. Why is rainwater slightly acidic?
Due to dissolved C O 2.
163. What is acid rain?
Acid rain has pH below 5.
164. Why is acid rain harmful?
It damages ecosystems and buildings.
165. What causes acid rain?
S O 2 and N O x emissions.
166. Why is S O 2 acidic?
It forms H 2 S O 3 in water.
167. What is the pH of blood?
Blood pH is 7.35-7.45.
168. Why is blood pH stable?
Buffers maintain it.
169. What is a buffer?
A buffer resists pH change.
170. Why are buffers important?
They stabilize biological systems.
171. What is H 2 C O 3 in blood?
It’s a buffer component.
172. Why does H 2 C O 3 buffer?
It balances H⁺ ions.
173. What is the pH of lemon juice?
Lemon juice pH is 2-3.
174. Why is lemon juice acidic?
Due to citric acid.
175. What is the pH of vinegar?
Vinegar pH is 2-3.
176. Why is vinegar acidic?
Due to acetic acid.
177. What is the pH of soda?
Soda pH is 3-4.
178. Why is soda acidic?
Due to carbonic acid.
179. What is the pH of milk?
Milk pH is 6.5-6.7.
180. Why is milk slightly acidic?
Due to lactic acid.
181. What is the pH of soap?
Soap pH is 9-10.
182. Why is soap basic?
It contains hydroxide ions.
183. What is the pH of toothpaste?
Toothpaste pH is 7-8.
184. Why is toothpaste basic?
To neutralize mouth acids.
185. What is H C O O H formula?
H C O O H is formic acid.
186. Why is formic acid weak?
187. What is citric acid?
C 6 H 8 O 7 is in citrus fruits.
188. Why is citric acid used?
In food and preservatives.
189. What is tartaric acid?
C 4 H 6 O 6 is in grapes.
190. Why is tartaric acid used?
In baking and beverages.
191. What is lactic acid?
C 3 H 6 O 3 is in milk.
192. Why is lactic acid formed?
During fermentation.
193. What is oxalic acid?
C 2 H 2 O 4 is in spinach.
194. Why is oxalic acid toxic?
It binds calcium ions.
195. What is A l ( O H ) 3 formula?
A l ( O H ) 3 is aluminium hydroxide.
196. Why is A l ( O H ) 3 used?
In antacids and cosmetics.
197. What is N a C l formula?
N a C l is sodium chloride.
198. Why is N a C l ionic?
It has N a⁺ and C l⁻ ions.
199. What is K 2 S O 4 formula?
K 2 S O 4 is potassium sulphate.
200. Why is K 2 S O 4 used?
In fertilizers.
201. What is C a C l 2 formula?
C a C l 2 is calcium chloride.
202. Why is C a C l 2 hygroscopic?
It absorbs water.
203. What is N H 4 N O 3 formula?
N H 4 N O 3 is ammonium nitrate.
204. Why is N H 4 N O 3 explosive?
It decomposes rapidly.
205. What is N a 2 S O 4 formula?
N a 2 S O 4 is sodium sulphate.
206. Why is N a 2 S O 4 used?
In detergents and paper.
207. What is M g S O 4 formula?
M g S O 4 is magnesium sulphate.
208. Why is M g S O 4 used?
In medicine and agriculture.
209. What is C u S O 4 formula?
C u S O 4 is copper sulphate.
210. Why is C u S O 4 blue?
Due to hydrated copper ions.
211. What is F e S O 4 formula?
F e S O 4 is iron(II) sulphate.
212. Why is F e S O 4 green?
Due to iron(II) ions.
213. What is Z n S O 4 formula?
Z n S O 4 is zinc sulphate.
214. Why is Z n S O 4 used?
In supplements and agriculture.
215. What is N a N O 3 formula?
N a N O 3 is sodium nitrate.
216. Why is N a N O 3 used?
In fertilizers and explosives.
217. What is C a ( N O 3 ) 2 formula?
C a ( N O 3 ) 2 is calcium nitrate.
218. Why is C a ( N O 3 ) 2 soluble?
Nitrates are water-soluble.
219. What is K C l formula?
K C l is potassium chloride.
220. Why is K C l used?
In fertilizers and medicine.
221. What is N H 4 C l formula?
N H 4 C l is ammonium chloride.
222. Why is N H 4 C l acidic?
It hydrolyzes to H⁺ ions.
223. What is C a C O 3 formula?
C a C O 3 is calcium carbonate.
224. Why is C a C O 3 used?
In antacids and construction.
225. What is M g C O 3 formula?
M g C O 3 is magnesium carbonate.
226. Why is M g C O 3 used?
227. What is N a 2 S O 3 formula?
N a 2 S O 3 is sodium sulphite.
228. Why is N a 2 S O 3 used?
In preservatives and bleaching.
229. What is K H C O 3 formula?
K H C O 3 is potassium bicarbonate.
230. Why is K H C O 3 used?
In fire extinguishers.
231. What is acid in curd?
Lactic acid forms curd.
232. Why is curd sour?
233. What is acid in ant sting?
Formic acid causes sting pain.
234. Why does ant sting burn?
Formic acid irritates skin.
235. What neutralizes ant sting?
Baking soda neutralizes formic acid.
236. Why use baking soda for stings?
It forms salt with acid.
237. What is acid in spinach?
Oxalic acid is present.
238. Why is oxalic acid harmful?
It reduces calcium absorption.
239. What is acid in tamarind?
Tartaric acid gives sour taste.
240. Why is tamarind sour?
Due to tartaric acid.
241. What is the pH of orange juice?
Orange juice pH is 3-4.
242. Why is orange juice acidic?
243. What is the pH of coffee?
Coffee pH is 4-5.
244. Why is coffee acidic?
Due to organic acids.
245. What is the pH of saliva?
Saliva pH is 6.2-7.6.
246. Why is saliva neutral?
It buffers mouth acids.
247. What is the pH of limewater?
Limewater pH is 12-13.
248. Why is limewater basic?
Due to C a ( O H ) 2.
249. What is the pH of ammonia solution?
Ammonia pH is 11-12.
250. Why is ammonia basic?
It forms O H⁻ ions.
251. What is H 2 C O 3 formula?
H 2 C O 3 is carbonic acid.
252. Why is H 2 C O 3 weak?
253. What is H 3 P O 4 formula?
H 3 P O 4 is phosphoric acid.
254. Why is H 3 P O 4 used?
In soft drinks and fertilizers.
255. What is H 2 S O 3 formula?
H 2 S O 3 is sulphurous acid.
256. Why is H 2 S O 3 weak?
257. What is N a 2 S formula?
N a 2 S is sodium sulphide.
258. Why is N a 2 S basic?
It hydrolyzes to O H⁻.
259. What is K N O 3 formula?
K N O 3 is potassium nitrate.
260. Why is K N O 3 neutral?
261. What is C u ( N O 3 ) 2 formula?
C u ( N O 3 ) 2 is copper nitrate.
262. Why is C u ( N O 3 ) 2 soluble?
Nitrates dissolve in water.
263. What is Z n C l 2 formula?
Z n C l 2 is zinc chloride.
264. Why is Z n C l 2 used?
In batteries and soldering.
265. What is F e C l 3 formula?
F e C l 3 is iron(III) chloride.
266. Why is F e C l 3 yellow?
Due to iron(III) ions.
267. What is A l C l 3 formula?
A l C l 3 is aluminium chloride.
268. Why is A l C l 3 used?
In catalysts and chemicals.
269. What is N a B r formula?
N a B r is sodium bromide.
270. Why is N a B r used?
In medicine and photography.
271. What is K I formula?
K I is potassium iodide.
272. Why is K I used?
In iodized salt.
273. What is C a B r 2 formula?
C a B r 2 is calcium bromide.
274. Why is C a B r 2 used?
In drilling fluids.
275. What is N H 4 B r formula?
N H 4 B r is ammonium bromide.
276. Why is N H 4 B r acidic?
277. What is N a 2 H P O 4 formula?
N a 2 H P O 4 is disodium phosphate.
278. Why is N a 2 H P O 4 basic?
279. What is K H 2 P O 4 formula?
K H 2 P O 4 is monopotassium phosphate.
280. Why is K H 2 P O 4 acidic?
It releases H⁺ ions.
281. What is C a 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 formula?
C a 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 is calcium phosphate.
282. Why is C a 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 used?
In fertilizers and bones.
283. What is N a C N formula?
N a C N is sodium cyanide.
284. Why is N a C N basic?
From weak acid H C N.
285. What is K C N formula?
K C N is potassium cyanide.
286. Why is K C N toxic?
It releases cyanide ions.
287. What is N a O C l formula?
N a O C l is sodium hypochlorite.
288. Why is N a O C l used?
In bleaching and disinfection.
289. What is K 2 C r 2 O 7 formula?
K 2 C r 2 O 7 is potassium dichromate.
290. Why is K 2 C r 2 O 7 orange?
Due to dichromate ions.
291. What is N a 2 C r O 4 formula?
N a 2 C r O 4 is sodium chromate.
292. Why is N a 2 C r O 4 yellow?
Due to chromate ions.
293. What is M g C l 2 formula?
M g C l 2 is magnesium chloride.
294. Why is M g C l 2 used?
In de-icing and medicine.
295. What is C u C l 2 formula?
C u C l 2 is copper(II) chloride.
296. Why is C u C l 2 green?
Due to copper(II) ions.
297. What is F e ( N O 3 ) 3 formula?
F e ( N O 3 ) 3 is iron(III) nitrate.
298. Why is F e ( N O 3 ) 3 soluble?
299. What is Z n ( N O 3 ) 2 formula?
Z n ( N O 3 ) 2 is zinc nitrate.
300. Why is Z n ( N O 3 ) 2 used?
In chemicals and fertilizers.
301. What is N a F formula?
N a F is sodium fluoride.
302. Why is N a F used?
In toothpaste.
303. What is K 2 C O 3 formula?
K 2 C O 3 is potassium carbonate.
304. Why is K 2 C O 3 basic?
305. What is C a ( H C O 3 ) 2 formula?
C a ( H C O 3 ) 2 is calcium bicarbonate.
306. Why is C a ( H C O 3 ) 2 soluble?
It dissolves in water.
307. What is N H 4 H C O 3 formula?
N H 4 H C O 3 is ammonium bicarbonate.
308. Why is N H 4 H C O 3 used?
In baking and fertilizers.
309. What is N a 3 P O 4 formula?
N a 3 P O 4 is trisodium phosphate.
310. Why is N a 3 P O 4 basic?
311. What is K 3 P O 4 formula?
K 3 P O 4 is tripotassium phosphate.
312. Why is K 3 P O 4 used?
In detergents and food.
313. What is C u C O 3 formula?
C u C O 3 is copper carbonate.
314. Why is C u C O 3 green?
Due to copper ions.
315. What is Z n C O 3 formula?
Z n C O 3 is zinc carbonate.
316. Why is Z n C O 3 used?
In ointments and ceramics.
317. What is F e C O 3 formula?
F e C O 3 is iron(II) carbonate.
318. Why is F e C O 3 insoluble?
It has low solubility.
319. What is N a 2 S 2 O 3 formula?
N a 2 S 2 O 3 is sodium thiosulphate.
320. Why is N a 2 S 2 O 3 used?
In photography and medicine.
321. What is K 2 S O 3 formula?
K 2 S O 3 is potassium sulphite.
322. Why is K 2 S O 3 used?
In preservatives.
323. What is C a S O 3 formula?
C a S O 3 is calcium sulphite.
324. Why is C a S O 3 insoluble?
325. What is M g ( N O 3 ) 2 formula?
M g ( N O 3 ) 2 is magnesium nitrate.
326. Why is M g ( N O 3 ) 2 used?
In fertilizers and pyrotechnics.
327. What is A l ( N O 3 ) 3 formula?
A l ( N O 3 ) 3 is aluminium nitrate.
328. Why is A l ( N O 3 ) 3 soluble?
329. What is N a I formula?
N a I is sodium iodide.
330. Why is N a I used?
331. What is C a F 2 formula?
C a F 2 is calcium fluoride.
332. Why is C a F 2 used?
In optics and toothpaste.
333. What is N H 4 S O 4 formula?
N H 4 S O 4 is ammonium sulphate.
334. Why is N H 4 S O 4 used?
335. What is K B r formula?
K B r is potassium bromide.
336. Why is K B r used?
337. What is N a C l O formula?
N a C l O is sodium hypochlorite.
338. Why is N a C l O used?
339. What is C a ( C l O ) 2 formula?
C a ( C l O ) 2 is calcium hypochlorite.
340. Why is C a ( C l O ) 2 used?
In pool disinfection.
341. What is N a 2 B 4 O 7 formula?
N a 2 B 4 O 7 is borax.
342. Why is borax used?
In cleaning and glass.
343. What is the pH of borax?
Borax pH is 9-10.
344. Why is borax basic?
345. What is acid in battery?
H 2 S O 4 is in batteries.
346. Why is H 2 S O 4 in batteries?
It conducts electricity.
347. What is base in drain cleaner?
N a O H dissolves grease.
348. Why is N a O H in cleaners?
It breaks down organic matter.
349. What is salt in food?
N a C l enhances flavour.
350. Why is N a C l in food?
It preserves and seasons.
351. What is salt in fertilizer?
K N O 3 provides nutrients.
352. Why is K N O 3 in fertilizer?
It supplies potassium and nitrogen.
353. What is acid in cola?
H 3 P O 4 adds tanginess.
354. Why is H 3 P O 4 in cola?
It adjusts pH and taste.
355. What is base in antacid?
M g ( O H ) 2 neutralizes acid.
356. Why is M g ( O H ) 2 in antacid?
It reduces stomach acidity.
357. What is salt in toothpaste?
N a F prevents cavities.
358. Why is N a F in toothpaste?
It strengthens enamel.
359. What is acid in cleaning?
H C l removes stains.
360. Why is H C l in cleaning?
It dissolves mineral deposits.
361. What is base in soap?
N a O H forms soap.
362. Why is N a O H in soap?
It reacts with fats.
363. What is salt in bleaching?
N a O C l disinfects fabrics.
364. Why is N a O C l in bleaching?
It oxidizes stains.
365. What is acid in pickling?
C H 3 C O O H preserves food.
366. Why is acetic acid in pickling?
It inhibits bacteria.
367. What is base in cement?
C a ( O H ) 2 binds materials.
368. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in cement?
It forms strong structures.
369. What is salt in fireworks?
K N O 3 fuels explosions.
370. Why is K N O 3 in fireworks?
It provides oxygen.
371. What is acid in digestion?
H C l breaks down food.
372. Why is H C l in stomach?
It aids protein digestion.
373. What is base in agriculture?
C a ( O H ) 2 adjusts soil pH.
374. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in soil?
It reduces acidity.
375. What is salt in water softening?
N a C l regenerates resins.
376. Why is N a C l in softening?
It removes calcium ions.
377. What is acid in rust removal?
H 3 P O 4 dissolves rust.
378. Why is H 3 P O 4 for rust?
It reacts with F e 2 O 3.
379. What is base in shampoo?
N a O H adjusts pH.
380. Why is N a O H in shampoo?
It balances acidity.
381. What is salt in saline?
N a C l hydrates body.
382. Why is N a C l in saline?
It mimics body fluids.
383. What is acid in wine?
Tartaric acid adds flavour.
384. Why is tartaric acid in wine?
It preserves and tastes.
385. What is base in limewater?
C a ( O H ) 2 detects C O 2.
386. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in limewater?
It forms C a C O 3.
387. What is salt in baking?
N a H C O 3 releases C O 2.
388. Why is N a H C O 3 in baking?
It helps dough rise.
389. What is acid in fruit juice?
Citric acid gives sourness.
390. Why is citric acid in juice?
It enhances flavour.
391. What is base in oven cleaner?
N a O H removes grease.
392. Why is N a O H in cleaner?
It breaks down fats.
393. What is salt in detergent?
N a 2 S O 4 boosts cleaning.
394. Why is N a 2 S O 4 in detergent?
It stabilizes formula.
395. What is acid in fertilizer?
H 3 P O 4 provides phosphorus.
396. Why is H 3 P O 4 in fertilizer?
It promotes growth.
397. What is base in hair dye?
N H 3 opens hair cuticles.
398. Why is N H 3 in hair dye?
It aids colour penetration.
399. What is salt in glass?
N a 2 C O 3 lowers melting point.
400. Why is N a 2 C O 3 in glass?
It forms silica structure.
401. What is acid in explosives?
H N O 3 forms nitrates.
402. Why is H N O 3 in explosives?
It reacts with organics.
403. What is base in ant killer?
N a O H repels insects.
404. Why is N a O H in ant killer?
It disrupts insect systems.
405. What is salt in photography?
A g B r captures light.
406. Why is A g B r in photography?
It’s light-sensitive.
407. What is acid in leather?
H 2 S O 4 tans hides.
408. Why is H 2 S O 4 in leather?
It preserves skin.
409. What is base in paper?
C a ( O H ) 2 treats pulp.
410. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in paper?
It improves texture.
411. What is salt in medicine?
N a H C O 3 relieves acidity.
412. Why is N a H C O 3 in medicine?
It neutralizes stomach acid.
413. What is acid in dyes?
H 2 S O 4 fixes colours.
414. Why is H 2 S O 4 in dyes?
It binds dyes to fabric.
415. What is base in cosmetics?
416. Why is N a O H in cosmetics?
It stabilizes products.
417. What is salt in batteries?
N H 4 C l conducts ions.
418. Why is N H 4 C l in batteries?
It enables current flow.
419. What is acid in etching?
H N O 3 removes metal.
420. Why is H N O 3 in etching?
It corrodes surfaces.
421. What is base in textiles?
N a O H treats fibres.
422. Why is N a O H in textiles?
It strengthens threads.
423. What is salt in ceramics?
C a C O 3 adds strength.
424. Why is C a C O 3 in ceramics?
It forms glassy phase.
425. What is acid in beverages?
Citric acid enhances taste.
426. Why is citric acid in beverages?
It preserves and flavours.
427. What is base in deodorants?
A l ( O H ) 3 reduces sweat.
428. Why is A l ( O H ) 3 in deodorants?
It blocks sweat glands.
429. What is salt in explosives?
N H 4 N O 3 fuels blasts.
430. Why is N H 4 N O 3 in explosives?
It releases gases rapidly.
431. What is acid in plastics?
H 2 S O 4 catalyzes reactions.
432. Why is H 2 S O 4 in plastics?
It aids polymerization.
433. What is base in paints?
C a ( O H ) 2 binds pigments.
434. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in paints?
It forms durable films.
435. What is salt in antiseptics?
N a C l O kills germs.
436. Why is N a C l O in antiseptics?
It oxidizes bacteria.
437. What is acid in detergents?
H 3 P O 4 boosts cleaning.
438. Why is H 3 P O 4 in detergents?
It softens water.
439. What is base in fertilizers?
N H 3 provides nitrogen.
440. Why is N H 3 in fertilizers?
It promotes plant growth.
441. What is salt in food preservation?
N a C l inhibits microbes.
442. Why is N a C l in preservation?
It dehydrates bacteria.
443. What is acid in cosmetics?
Citric acid adjusts pH.
444. Why is citric acid in cosmetics?
It stabilizes formulas.
445. What is base in bleaching?
N a O H enhances bleaching.
446. Why is N a O H in bleaching?
It activates bleach agents.
447. What is salt in soaps?
N a C l separates soap.
448. Why is N a C l in soaps?
It aids soap formation.
449. What is acid in medicines?
Citric acid masks taste.
450. Why is citric acid in medicines?
It improves palatability.
451. What is base in fire extinguishers?
452. Why is N a H C O 3 in extinguishers?
It smothers flames.
453. What is salt in cement?
C a S O 4 regulates setting.
454. Why is C a S O 4 in cement?
It controls hardening time.
455. What is acid in photography?
C H 3 C O O H fixes images.
456. Why is acetic acid in photography?
It stops development.
457. What is base in toothpaste?
C a ( O H ) 2 neutralizes acids.
458. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in toothpaste?
It protects enamel.
459. What is salt in dyes?
N a 2 S O 4 fixes colours.
460. Why is N a 2 S O 4 in dyes?
It binds dye to fabric.
461. What is acid in air pollution?
H 2 S O 4 forms acid rain.
462. Why is H 2 S O 4 in pollution?
From S O 2 emissions.
463. What is base in water treatment?
C a ( O H ) 2 removes impurities.
464. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in water?
It precipitates metals.
465. What is salt in leather?
N a C l preserves hides.
466. Why is N a C l in leather?
It prevents decay.
467. What is acid in food?
Citric acid preserves food.
468. Why is citric acid in food?
It prevents spoilage.
469. What is base in antacids?
A l ( O H ) 3 neutralizes acid.
470. Why is A l ( O H ) 3 in antacids?
It reduces stomach acid.
471. What is salt in agriculture?
N H 4 N O 3 boosts growth.
472. Why is N H 4 N O 3 in agriculture?
It supplies nitrogen.
473. What is acid in cleaning?
H C l removes limescale.
474. Why is H C l in cleaning?
It dissolves calcium deposits.
475. What is base in detergents?
476. Why is N a O H in detergents?
It breaks down oils.
477. What is salt in bleaching?
C a ( O C l ) C l whitens fabrics.
478. Why is C a ( O C l ) C l in bleaching?
It releases chlorine.
479. What is acid in batteries?
H 2 S O 4 conducts ions.
480. Why is H 2 S O 4 in batteries?
It enables charge flow.
481. What is base in lime?
C a ( O H ) 2 improves soil.
482. Why is C a ( O H ) 2 in lime?
It reduces soil acidity.
483. What is salt in food?
N a C l preserves flavour.
484. Why is N a C l in food?
It enhances taste.
485. What is acid in vinegar?
C H 3 C O O H gives sourness.
486. Why is acetic acid in vinegar?
It ferments ethanol.
487. What is base in baking?
488. Why is N a H C O 3 in baking?
It makes dough rise.
489. What is salt in plaster?
C a S O 4 forms casts.
490. Why is C a S O 4 in plaster?
It hardens with water.
491. What is acid in soda?
H 3 P O 4 adds fizz.
492. Why is H 3 P O 4 in soda?
493. What is base in soap?
N a O H reacts with fats.
494. Why is N a O H in soap?
It forms soap molecules.
495. What is salt in antacids?
N a H C O 3 neutralizes acid.
496. Why is N a H C O 3 in antacids?
497. What is acid in fruits?
Citric acid is in citrus.
498. Why is citric acid in fruits?
It protects from microbes.
499. What is base in cleaners?
500. Why is N a O H in cleaners?
It breaks down dirt.
501. What is salt in fertilizers?
K 2 S O 4 supplies potassium.
502. Why is K 2 S O 4 in fertilizers?
It aids plant growth.
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