1. What is reproduction?
The process of producing new individuals.
2. Why is reproduction important?
It ensures species survival.
3. What are the two main types of reproduction?
Asexual and sexual reproduction.
4. What is asexual reproduction?
Producing offspring from a single parent.
5. What is sexual reproduction?
Producing offspring from two parents.
6. What is binary fission?
Division of one cell into two.
7. Which organism performs binary fission?
Amoeba.
8. What is budding?
Growing a new organism from an outgrowth.
9. Which organism reproduces by budding?
Yeast.
10. What is fragmentation?
Breaking into pieces that grow into new individuals.
11. Which organism uses fragmentation?
Spirogyra.
12. What is regeneration?
Regrowing lost parts into new organisms.
13. Which organism shows regeneration?
Planaria.
14. What is vegetative propagation?
Reproduction using plant parts.
15. What is a cutting in plants?
A stem piece growing into a new plant.
16. What is layering?
Growing roots on a branch while attached.
17. What is grafting?
Joining parts of two plants to grow.
18. Which plant uses runners for propagation?
Strawberry.
19. What is spore formation?
Releasing spores to grow new organisms.
20. Which organism reproduces by spores?
Fungi.
21. What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?
It is fast and requires one parent.
22. What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Lack of genetic variation.
23. What is the role of DNA in reproduction?
It passes genetic information.
24. What is variation?
Differences in offspring traits.
25. Why is variation important?
It helps species adapt and survive.
26. What is sexual reproduction’s key feature?
Fusion of male and female gametes.
27. What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell.
28. What is fertilization?
29. What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg.
30. What is internal fertilization?
Fertilization inside the female body.
31. What is external fertilization?
Fertilization outside the body.
32. Which animals use external fertilization?
Frogs and fish.
33. What is pollination?
Transfer of pollen to stigma.
34. What are the two types of pollination?
Self-pollination and cross-pollination.
35. What is self-pollination?
Pollen transfer within the same flower.
36. What is cross-pollination?
Pollen transfer between different flowers.
37. What is an agent of pollination?
Wind, water, or animals.
38. What is the role of insects in pollination?
They carry pollen between flowers.
39. What is a flower?
Reproductive organ of plants.
40. What is the male part of a flower?
Stamen.
41. What is the female part of a flower?
Pistil.
42. What is the anther?
Part producing pollen grains.
43. What is the filament?
Stalk supporting the anther.
44. What is the stigma?
Part receiving pollen.
45. What is the style?
Tube connecting stigma to ovary.
46. What is the ovary in a flower?
Part containing ovules.
47. What is an ovule?
Structure developing into a seed.
48. What happens after fertilization in plants?
Ovary becomes fruit, ovule becomes seed.
49. What is a seed?
A fertilized ovule.
50. What is germination?
Growth of a seed into a plant.
51. What conditions are needed for germination?
Water, oxygen, and warmth.
52. What is a fruit?
Ripened ovary containing seeds.
53. What is the role of sepals?
They protect the flower bud.
54. What is the role of petals?
They attract pollinators.
55. What is a unisexual flower?
Flower with only male or female parts.
56. What is a bisexual flower?
Flower with both male and female parts.
57. What is an example of a unisexual flower?
Papaya.
58. What is an example of a bisexual flower?
Hibiscus.
59. What is double fertilization?
Fertilization of egg and polar nuclei in plants.
60. What is the endosperm?
Nutritive tissue in seeds.
61. What is the embryo in a seed?
Young plant inside the seed.
62. What is a cotyledon?
Seed leaf providing nutrients.
63. What is a radicle?
Part forming the root.
64. What is a plumule?
Part forming the shoot.
65. What is dispersal in plants?
Spreading of seeds away from the parent.
66. What are agents of seed dispersal?
Wind, water, animals, and explosion.
67. What is an example of wind-dispersed seed?
Dandelion.
68. What is an example of water-dispersed seed?
Coconut.
69. What is an example of animal-dispersed seed?
Mango.
70. What is an explosive dispersal?
Seeds burst out from the fruit.
71. What is puberty?
Stage of sexual maturity in humans.
72. What changes occur in boys during puberty?
Voice deepens, facial hair grows.
73. What changes occur in girls during puberty?
Breasts develop, menstruation begins.
74. What is the male reproductive system?
Organs producing and delivering sperm.
75. What is the female reproductive system?
Organs producing eggs and nurturing fetus.
76. What are testes?
Male organs producing sperm.
77. What is the role of scrotum?
It protects and regulates testes temperature.
78. What is testosterone?
Male hormone for sexual development.
79. What is the epididymis?
Tube storing maturing sperm.
80. What is the vas deferens?
Tube carrying sperm from testes.
81. What is the urethra in males?
Tube for urine and semen exit.
82. What is the penis?
Organ delivering sperm during reproduction.
83. What are seminal vesicles?
Glands adding fluid to semen.
84. What is the prostate gland?
Gland secreting fluid for sperm motility.
85. What is semen?
Fluid containing sperm and nutrients.
86. What are ovaries?
Female organs producing eggs.
87. What is an oviduct?
Tube where fertilization occurs.
88. What is the uterus?
Organ where fetus develops.
89. What is the cervix?
Lower part of uterus opening.
90. What is the vagina?
Canal for sperm entry and birth.
91. What is estrogen?
Female hormone for sexual development.
92. What is progesterone?
Hormone preparing uterus for pregnancy.
93. What is menstruation?
Shedding of uterine lining.
94. What is the menstrual cycle?
Monthly preparation for pregnancy.
95. What is ovulation?
Release of egg from ovary.
96. What happens if fertilization does not occur?
Uterine lining breaks down.
97. What is a follicle?
Structure in ovary producing egg.
98. What is the corpus luteum?
Structure forming after ovulation.
99. What is implantation?
Attachment of embryo to uterus.
100. What is a placenta?
Organ supplying nutrients to fetus.
101. What is the umbilical cord?
Connection between fetus and placenta.
102. What is gestation?
Period of fetal development.
103. What is parturition?
Process of giving birth.
104. What is the role of amniotic fluid?
It cushions and protects the fetus.
105. What is a contraceptive?
Method to prevent pregnancy.
106. What is a barrier method?
Contraceptive blocking sperm entry.
107. What is an example of a barrier method?
Condom.
108. What is a hormonal method?
Contraceptive altering hormone levels.
109. What is an example of a hormonal method?
Birth control pill.
110. What is an intrauterine device?
Device preventing implantation.
111. What is sterilization?
Permanent contraception method.
112. What is vasectomy?
Cutting vas deferens in males.
113. What is tubectomy?
Cutting oviducts in females.
114. What is a sexually transmitted disease?
Infection spread through sexual contact.
115. What is an example of an STD?
HIV.
116. What is HIV?
Virus causing AIDS.
117. What is AIDS?
Disease weakening immunity.
118. What is syphilis?
Bacterial STD causing sores.
119. What is gonorrhea?
Bacterial STD affecting genitals.
120. How do STDs spread?
Through unprotected sexual contact.
121. What is the role of condoms in STD prevention?
They block pathogen transmission.
122. What is artificial insemination?
Introducing sperm artificially for fertilization.
123. What is in vitro fertilization?
124. What is a test-tube baby?
Baby from in vitro fertilization.
125. What is surrogacy?
Woman carrying baby for another.
126. What is cloning?
Producing identical organisms asexually.
127. What is an example of cloning in animals?
Dolly the sheep.
128. What is tissue culture?
Growing plants from cells in labs.
129. What is the advantage of tissue culture?
Produces many identical plants quickly.
130. What is a callus in tissue culture?
Mass of undifferentiated plant cells.
131. What is micropropagation?
Rapid plant cloning in labs.
132. What is the role of auxin in tissue culture?
It promotes root growth.
133. What is the role of cytokinin?
It promotes shoot growth.
134. What is a hybrid plant?
Plant from cross-breeding different varieties.
135. What is the purpose of hybridization?
To combine desirable traits.
136. What is parthenogenesis?
Development of egg without fertilization.
137. Which animal shows parthenogenesis?
Lizard.
138. What is hermaphroditism?
Having both male and female organs.
139. Which organism is a hermaphrodite?
Earthworm.
140. What is the advantage of hermaphroditism?
Self-fertilization is possible.
141. What is alternation of generations?
Cycle of haploid and diploid stages.
142. What is a sporophyte?
Diploid phase producing spores.
143. What is a gametophyte?
Haploid phase producing gametes.
144. What is meiosis?
Cell division forming gametes.
145. What is mitosis?
Cell division for growth.
146. What is the role of chromosomes in reproduction?
They carry genetic information.
147. What is a haploid cell?
Cell with half chromosome number.
148. What is a diploid cell?
Cell with full chromosome number.
149. What is the role of pollen tube?
It delivers sperm to ovule.
150. What is apomixis?
Seed formation without fertilization.
151. What is viviparous reproduction?
Giving birth to live young.
152. What is oviparous reproduction?
Laying eggs that hatch outside.
153. What is an example of a viviparous animal?
Human.
154. What is an example of an oviparous animal?
Hen.
155. What is metamorphosis?
Transformation during development.
156. What is an example of metamorphosis?
Frog (tadpole to adult).
157. What is a larva?
Immature stage of an animal.
158. What is a pupa?
Resting stage in metamorphosis.
159. What is the role of yolk in eggs?
It provides nutrients to embryo.
160. What is cleavage in development?
Rapid cell division of zygote.
161. What is a blastula?
Hollow ball of cells in embryo.
162. What is gastrulation?
Formation of germ layers in embryo.
163. What are germ layers?
Layers forming body tissues.
164. What is organogenesis?
Development of organs from germ layers.
165. What is the role of FSH in males?
It stimulates sperm production.
166. What is the role of LH in males?
It triggers testosterone release.
167. What is the role of FSH in females?
It promotes follicle growth.
168. What is the role of LH in females?
It triggers ovulation.
169. What is menopause?
End of menstrual cycles in females.
170. What is adolescence?
Period of physical and sexual maturity.
171. What is the role of hygiene in reproduction?
It prevents infections.
172. What is a reproductive health?
Well-being of reproductive systems.
173. What is family planning?
Controlling number and timing of children.
174. What is population control?
Managing growth of human population.
175. What is the role of education in reproduction?
It promotes awareness and health.
176. What is abortion?
Termination of pregnancy.
177. What is miscarriage?
Natural loss of pregnancy.
178. What is infertility?
Inability to conceive.
179. What is the role of seminal fluid?
It nourishes and transports sperm.
180. What is the role of vaginal fluid?
It lubricates and aids sperm movement.
181. What is a Sertoli cell?
It supports sperm development.
182. What is a Leydig cell?
It produces testosterone.
183. What is spermatogenesis?
Process of sperm production.
184. What is oogenesis?
Process of egg production.
185. What is a primary oocyte?
Immature egg before meiosis.
186. What is a polar body?
Small cell from egg division.
187. What is the role of acrosome?
It helps sperm penetrate egg.
188. What is capacitation?
Sperm activation in female tract.
189. What is the role of zona pellucida?
It surrounds and protects egg.
190. What is a blastocyst?
Early embryo before implantation.
191. What is trophoblast?
Outer layer forming placenta.
192. What is the inner cell mass?
Cells forming the embryo.
193. What is the role of hCG hormone?
It maintains pregnancy.
194. What is lactation?
Milk production after childbirth.
195. What is colostrum?
First milk rich in antibodies.
196. What is the role of prolactin?
It stimulates milk production.
197. What is oxytocin’s role in reproduction?
It triggers labor and milk release.
198. What is a cesarean section?
Surgical delivery of baby.
199. What is a twin pregnancy?
Two fetuses developing together.
200. What is fraternal twins?
Twins from two separate eggs.
201. What is identical twins?
Twins from one split zygote.
202. What is the role of ultrasound?
It monitors fetus development.
203. What is amniocentesis?
Testing amniotic fluid for disorders.
204. What is a genetic disorder?
Disease from abnormal genes.
205. What is Down syndrome?
Disorder from extra chromosome 21.
206. What is the role of sperm motility?
It enables sperm to reach egg.
207. What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Embryo implants outside uterus.
208. What is a miscarriage cause?
Genetic defects or hormonal issues.
209. What is preterm birth?
Baby born before 37 weeks.
210. What is the role of cervix in pregnancy?
It holds fetus during gestation.
211. What is a labor contraction?
Uterus tightening to push baby out.
212. What is the afterbirth?
Delivery of placenta post-birth.
213. What is puberty onset controlled by?
Hormones from pituitary gland.
214. What is the role of GnRH?
It triggers reproductive hormones.
215. What is a secondary sexual character?
Trait appearing at puberty.
216. What is the role of voice change in boys?
It indicates testosterone action.
217. What is breast development in girls?
Sign of estrogen activity.
218. What is the role of pubic hair?
It marks sexual maturity.
219. What is a wet dream?
Involuntary semen release in sleep.
220. What is the role of menstrual hygiene?
It prevents infections during periods.
221. What is a sanitary pad?
Absorbent used during menstruation.
222. What is the role of tampons?
They absorb menstrual blood internally.
223. What is a menstrual cup?
Reusable device collecting menstrual flow.
224. What is premenstrual syndrome?
Symptoms before menstruation.
225. What is dysmenorrhea?
Painful periods.
226. What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstruation.
227. What is the role of nutrition in puberty?
It supports growth and hormone production.
228. What is adolescence acne?
Skin condition from hormonal changes.
229. What is the role of exercise in puberty?
It promotes healthy development.
230. What is a reproductive lifespan?
Period of fertility in life.
231. What is the role of age in fertility?
Fertility declines with age.
232. What is a sperm bank?
Facility storing sperm for use.
233. What is an egg donor?
Woman providing eggs for IVF.
234. What is embryo transfer?
Placing fertilized egg in uterus.
235. What is cryopreservation?
Freezing sperm or eggs for later.
236. What is the role of surrogacy laws?
They regulate surrogate agreements.
237. What is a fertility treatment?
Medical help to conceive.
238. What is polycystic ovary syndrome?
Hormonal disorder affecting ovulation.
239. What is endometriosis?
Uterine tissue growth outside uterus.
240. What is a testicular injury’s effect?
It may reduce sperm production.
241. What is the role of lifestyle in fertility?
It affects reproductive health.
242. What is a birth rate?
Number of births per population.
243. What is a death rate?
Number of deaths per population.
244. What is population growth?
Increase due to births exceeding deaths.
245. What is the role of contraception in population?
It controls birth rates.
246. What is a demographic transition?
Shift in birth and death rates.
247. What is the role of awareness campaigns?
They educate about reproduction.
248. What is a sex ratio?
Proportion of males to females.
249. What is female foeticide?
Abortion of female fetuses.
250. What is the role of laws against foeticide?
They protect gender balance.
251. What is a prenatal care?
Health care during pregnancy.
252. What is the role of vaccination in pregnancy?
It protects mother and fetus.
253. What is a maternal mortality?
Death of mother during childbirth.
254. What is infant mortality?
Death of baby before one year.
255. What is the role of breastfeeding?
It provides nutrition and immunity.
256. What is a neonatal period?
First 28 days of life.
257. What is the role of hygiene in childbirth?
258. What is a postpartum period?
Time after childbirth for recovery.
259. What is postpartum depression?
Mood disorder after delivery.
260. What is the role of family support?
It aids reproductive health.
261. What is a reproductive right?
Freedom to decide on reproduction.
262. What is the role of sex education?
It promotes safe practices.
263. What is a stigma in reproduction?
Social taboo on reproductive issues.
264. What is the role of counseling?
It supports reproductive decisions.
265. What is a natural contraceptive?
Method using body signs.
266. What is the rhythm method?
Avoiding sex during fertile days.
267. What is withdrawal method?
Pulling out before ejaculation.
268. What is the role of abstinence?
It prevents pregnancy completely.
269. What is a fertility window?
Days when conception is likely.
270. What is basal body temperature?
Temperature rise indicating ovulation.
271. What is cervical mucus?
Fluid change showing fertility.
272. What is the role of calendar method?
It tracks menstrual cycle.
273. What is a safe period?
Non-fertile days in cycle.
274. What is an emergency contraceptive?
Pill taken after unprotected sex.
275. What is the morning-after pill?
Emergency contraception within 72 hours.
276. What is the role of copper-T?
It prevents sperm from fertilizing.
277. What is a hormonal IUD?
Device releasing hormones to prevent pregnancy.
278. What is the role of spermicide?
It kills sperm to prevent fertilization.
279. What is a diaphragm contraceptive?
Dome blocking sperm entry.
280. What is the role of cervical cap?
It covers cervix to block sperm.
281. What is a contraceptive patch?
Skin patch releasing hormones.
282. What is a contraceptive implant?
Rod under skin releasing hormones.
283. What is the role of injectable contraception?
It prevents ovulation for months.
284. What is a vasectomy reversal?
Surgery to restore fertility.
285. What is a tubal ligation reversal?
Surgery to reconnect oviducts.
286. What is the role of male pill?
It reduces sperm production.
287. What is a reproductive cloning?
Creating identical organisms.
288. What is therapeutic cloning?
Cloning for medical purposes.
289. What is the role of stem cells?
They develop into various tissues.
290. What is a gamete donation?
Providing sperm or eggs for others.
291. What is the role of ethics in reproduction?
It guides reproductive technologies.
292. What is a surrogacy agreement?
Contract for surrogate pregnancy.
293. What is gestational surrogacy?
Surrogate carries unrelated embryo.
294. What is traditional surrogacy?
Surrogate uses her own egg.
295. What is the role of IVF success rate?
It measures conception likelihood.
296. What is a frozen embryo?
Embryo preserved for future use.
297. What is the role of preimplantation diagnosis?
It screens embryos for disorders.
298. What is a reproductive technology?
Method aiding conception.
299. What is the role of donor sperm?
It assists infertile couples.
300. What is a donor egg?
Egg from another woman for IVF.
301. What is the role of surrogacy cost?
It covers medical and legal fees.
302. What is a reproductive disorder?
Condition affecting fertility.
303. What is the role of stress in reproduction?
It can reduce fertility.
304. What is a hormonal imbalance?
Disruption affecting reproductive cycles.
305. What is the role of obesity in fertility?
It may impair reproduction.
306. What is a reproductive surgery?
Operation to fix fertility issues.
307. What is the role of laparoscopy?
It diagnoses reproductive problems.
308. What is a hysterosalpingogram?
X-ray of uterus and tubes.
309. What is the role of semen analysis?
It checks sperm health.
310. What is a low sperm count?
Reduced sperm affecting fertility.
311. What is the role of ovulation test?
It detects fertile days.
312. What is a fertility monitor?
Device tracking ovulation.
313. What is the role of adoption?
It provides alternative to biological kids.
314. What is a reproductive choice?
Decision on having children.
315. What is the role of peer pressure?
It influences reproductive decisions.
316. What is a teenage pregnancy?
Pregnancy in adolescence.
317. What is the role of counseling in teens?
It supports reproductive awareness.
318. What is a child marriage impact?
It increases reproductive risks.
319. What is the role of poverty in reproduction?
It limits access to care.
320. What is a maternal health program?
Initiative improving pregnancy outcomes.
321. What is the role of nutrition in pregnancy?
It supports fetal growth.
322. What is a folic acid’s role?
It prevents neural defects.
323. What is the role of iron in pregnancy?
It prevents anemia.
324. What is a prenatal vitamin?
Supplement for pregnancy health.
325. What is the role of exercise in pregnancy?
It promotes healthy delivery.
326. What is a birth plan?
Preferences for childbirth.
327. What is the role of midwife?
She assists in childbirth.
328. What is a doula?
Support person during labor.
329. What is the role of home birth?
It offers natural delivery option.
330. What is a hospital birth?
Delivery with medical facilities.
331. What is the role of pain relief in labor?
It eases childbirth discomfort.
332. What is an epidural?
Anesthetic for labor pain.
333. What is the role of breathing techniques?
They manage labor pain.
334. What is a water birth?
Delivery in warm water.
335. What is the role of skin-to-skin contact?
It bonds mother and baby.
336. What is a newborn screening?
Test for genetic disorders.
337. What is the role of Apgar score?
It assesses newborn health.
338. What is a umbilical stump?
Remnant of cord after birth.
339. What is the role of circumcision?
It removes foreskin in males.
340. What is a baby’s first cry?
It starts lung breathing.
341. What is the role of incubator?
It supports premature babies.
342. What is a kangaroo care?
Skin contact for preterm infants.
343. What is the role of pediatrician?
They monitor newborn health.
344. What is a birth certificate?
Legal record of birth.
345. What is the role of parenting?
It nurtures child development.
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